Write an abstract of the chapter, i.e. express the idea of the chapter in some sentences.
Render the text in English.
Chapter 6.
ASBESTOS
1. In pairs answer the following questions:
· Do you know what is asbestos?
· What are the main applications of it today?
Write phonetic symbols for the following words, pay attention to their correct pronunciation and read them aloud.
asbestos
Siberia
chrysolite
fiber
yarn
handkerchief
fabrics
decorative
curtains
emperor
Learn new words and phrases.
to delight
доставлять большое удовольствие, восхищать
to weave
ткать, сплетать
evidence
доказательство, подтверждение; свидетельство
to be subjected to unusual treatment during its formation
подвергся необычному воздействию во время своего образования
to obtain
получать, приобретать
variety
многообразие, разнообразие, множество
to mine
добывать
to spin
прясть
packing
прокладка; уплотнение, упаковка
flameproof
жароустойчивый
yarn
пряжа, нить
to determine
oпределять, обусловливать, определять
fireproof
несгораемый; огнеупорный, тугоплавкий
to assemble
cобирать, собираться
Translate the following words and phrases into Russian.
naturally occurring fiber
resistance to heat
to be used for electrical windings and insulation
to remove smth unchanged
the only mineral substance used as a textile fiber
to burn off
Make up your own sentences using the words and phrases from tasks 2 and 3.
Skim the text and say what the general idea of the text is.
When skimming divide the text into parts.
Compare your number of parts with that of your fellow students.
Asbestos
Asbestos has been known and used as a textile since the earliest times. The first written evidence of asbestos was recorded by Pliny in the first century A. D.
It is told that one of the Emperors of Rome delighted guests by throwing a tablecloth made of asbestos into fire and then removing it unchanged from the flame. A few centuries later Marco Polo told his friends in Italy about a substance he observed in Siberia. He told that it could be woven into attractive textiles, which did not burn even in direct flame.
Asbestos is one of the strangest of all the naturally occurring fibers. It is a rock, which has been subjected to unusual treatment during its formation. Asbestos is the only mineral substance used as a textile fiber in the form it is obtained from natural sources. There are many varieties of asbestos rocks but only chrysolite is widely used for textile products. Chrysolite is mined in many countries of the world. The soft, long, white fibers of this mineral can be spun into yarn by the usual processes. Pure asbestos being very difficult to spin, a proportion of cotton fiber is usually added to help to bind the asbestos fibers together. The strangest characteristic of asbestos fibers is their resistance to heat and burning. This property determines the ways in which they are used.
Early uses for asbestos included such articles as handkerchiefs and table coverings. The Chinese used asbestos to make false sleeves, which could be cleaned by putting them in the fire. All the dirt was burned off, leaving the asbestos clean. We know commercial development of the fiber to have started in the 19th century. Asbestos was used in flameproof clothing of many kinds, for laboratory, industrial and military purposes.
Fabrics made of asbestos have good strength. Today the main applications are those in which non-inflammability is essential such as conveyor belting for hot materials, industrial packings, fireproof clothing, etc. Asbestos is sometimes used with glass fiber in making decorative fabrics for curtains used in hospitals, theatres and other buildings where the public assembles. Some grades of asbestos are used for electrical windings and insulation.