Read these examples to prove the semantic importance of the correct syllable boundary. Mark close juncture by pluses.

A nation – an Asian see Mable – seem able

a nice house – an ice house it swings – its wings

the tall boys – that all boys хлеб с ухой – хлеб сухой

до дела ли – доделали по машинам – помаши нам

Analyse these words from the viewpoint of phonetic and orthographic syllable division; transcribe and divide them into syllabographs.

Work, working, worker, pined, pining, stirring, occurred, cured, cheerless, curing, cheering, firing, redder, nation, culture, thoroughly.

STRESS

Семинарское занятие № 7

1. How is stress defined by different authors? What is stress on the auditory, articulatory and acoustic level?

2. What types of word-stress do you know? To what type of word-stress does the English accentual structure belong? To what type of word-stress does the Russian accentual structure belong?

3. What is difference between stressed vocalism in English and in Russian?

4. What is the difference between fixed and free type of word-stress? What is the shifting of word-stress?

5. How does stress perform constitutive, distinctive, recognitive functions?

6. What is the terminology suggested by different authors to distinguish between different degrees of word-stress?

7. How does Gimson mark accentual elements?

8. What factors determine the place and different degree of word-stress?

9. What rules of word stress do you know a) for prefixal words, b) for compound words?

10. How does the semantic factor affect the place of word-stress?

11. How does the rhythmic tendency influence word-stress system in modern English?

12. What are the most common types of English stress patterns?

Литература

1. Борисова, Л.В. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка / Л.В.Борисова. – Минск, 1980.

2. Веренинова, Ж.Б. Фонетическая база английского языка / Ж.Б.Веренинова. – М., 1996.

3. Дубовский Ю.А. Нормативные основы английской речевой интонации / Ю.А. Дубовский. – Минск, 1979.

4. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студентов пед. вузов и ун-тов / С.Ф. Леонтьева. – 3-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Изд-во «Менеджер», 2004.

5. Gimson, A.C. An Introduction to Pronunciation of English / A.C. Gimson. – London, 1964.

6. Jones, D. The Pronunciation of English / D. Jones. – Cambridge, 1967.

7. Shakhbagova, D.A. Varieties of English Pronunciation / D.A. Shakhbagova. – M., 1979.

8. Ward, I. The Phonetics of English / I. Ward. – Cambridge, 1948.

Практическое занятие № 7

Read these compound words with two stresses and translate them.

Good-looking, old-fashioned, bad-tempered, absent-minded, bare-headed, home-made, pre-history, ultra-modern, ex-minister, vice-admiral.

Read these composite verbs with two equal stresses.

Carry out, comr across, get up, see off, fall, out, make up, pick out, blow out, go on, point out, put on, sit down, take off, fall back, get back, bring forth, fix up.

Read these pairs of words. Translate them into Russian, mind the importance of the form-distinctive accenteme.

Abstract – to abstract desert – to desert

commune – to commune forecast – to forecast

compound – to compound import – to import

conflict – to conflict outgo – to outgo

contest – to contest produce – to produce

Mark the accentual elements of these words according to Gimson’s accentual patterns. Read them.

2-syllable words: female, window, profile, over, under, cotton, table, husband

3-syllable words: important, excessive, relation, appetite, photograph, telephone

4-syllable words: unimportant, insufficient, melancholy, caterpillar, criticism

5-syllable words: satisfactory, aristocracy, administrative, empiricism, consideration, circumlocution

6-syllable words: variability, meteorological, autobiographic, identification

7-and 8–syllable words: unreliability, industrialization, impenetrability, unilateralism, unintelligibility

Read the sentences below to prove the distinctive function of the stress. Translate them into Russian.

1. Contrast makes it seem better.

Contrast Tom with his sister.

It’s because of contrast.

It’s because they contrast.

2. Export is forbidden.

Export cotton goods.

These goods the cities export.

3. This forecast was wrong.

I like his forecast.

It’s what they forecast.

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