Read these pairs of words. State to what parts of speech they belong. Single out the sounds that interchange. Translate the words into Russian.

Read these compounds. Single out the sounds that interchange. Translate the compounds into Russian.

Read the rhyme. State what stylistic effect is achieved through repetition.

To market, to market, to buy a fat pig,

Home again, home again, jiggety jig;

To market, to market, to buy a fat hog.

Home again, home again, jiggety jog.

To market, to market, to buy a plum bun,

Home again, home again, market is done.

ARTICULATORY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL

ASPECT OF SPEECH SOUNDS

Семинарское занятие № 2

1. From what points of view can speech sounds be analysed?

2. How do the power, vibrator, resonator, obstructer mechanisms work?

3. What are articulatory differences between vowels, consonants and sonorants?

4. Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants:

I. Work of the vocal cords and the force of exhalation.

II. Active organs of speech and the place of obstruction.

III. Manner of noise production and the type of obstruction.

IV. Position of the soft palate.

5. Differences in the articulation bases of the English and Russian consonants and their peculiarities.

6. What do you know about the system of Cardinal Vowels devised by D. Jones?

7. Articulatory and physiological classification of English vowels suggested by Russian phoneticians.

8. Differences in the articulation bases of English and Russian vowels.

Литература

1. Бондаренко, Л.В. Фонетическое описание языка и фонетическое описание речи / Л.В. Бондаренко. – Л., 1981.

2. Борисова, Л.В. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка / Л.В.Борисова. – Минск, 1980.

3. Веренинова, Ж.Б. Фонетическая база английского языка / Ж.Б.Веренинова. – М., 1996.

4. Зиндер, Л.Р. Общая фонетика / Л.Р. Зиндер. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М., 1979.

5. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студентов пед. вузов и ун-тов / С.Ф. Леонтьева. – 3-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Изд-во «Менеджер», 2004.

6. Gimson, A.C. An Introduction to Pronunciation of English / A.C. Gimson. – London, 1964.

7. Ward, I. The Phonetics of English / I. Ward. – Cambridge, 1948.

8. Vassilyev, V.A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course / V.A. Vassilyev. – M., 1970.

Практическое занятие № 2

Draw the diagrams of the sound producing mechanisms: a) the power mechanism; b) the vibrator mechanism; c) the resonator mechanism; d)the obstructor mechanism.

Explain the work of the four mechanisms in the production of speech sounds.

Explain the articulation of /p, t, k/ and /b, d, g/ from the viewpoint of the work of the vocal cords and the force of exhalation.

4. Explain the articulation of /m, n, ŋ/ from the point of view of the position of the soft palate.

5. State the difference in the articulation of /b, v, tƒ/ and the Russian /p/ from the point of view of the manner of noise production.

Explain the articulation of /w, j, h/ from the viewpoint of the active organ of speech.

Explain the articulation of /s/ and /f/ from the viewpoint of noise producing foci.

Read these words. Observe the apical and cacuminal position of the tip of the tongue in pronouncing the English /t, r/ and the dorsal in pronouncing the Russian /т/.

Так - take - rates

тент - tent - read /red/

тайм - time - rhyme

ток - talk - rock

тел - tell - Wren

тон - ton - run

тир - tear - rear

Characterise each of the cardinal vowels according to D. Jones.

10. Explain the articulation of the /i:, e, æ/ sounds from the viewpoint of the horizontal and vertical movements of the tongue.

11. Explain the articulation of the /e, ə:/ sounds from the viewpoint of the horizontal and vertical movements of the tongue. Compare these sounds with the Russian vowel sounds /ы, а/.

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