2. What conditions are responsible for the modifications of sounds?
3. What types of assimilation do you know?
4. What is the merging of stages?
5. What is the interpenetration of stages?
6. What is the difference between the close and loose type of articulatory transition?
7. How is the work of the vocal cords affected by assimilation?
8. How is the manner of noise production affected by assimilation?
9. How are the place of articulation and the manner of noise production affected by assimilation?
10. What is yod coalescence?
11. Give examples of contemporary elision.
12. What is the difference between the mechanisms of articulatory transitions in English and in Russian?
Литература
1. Бондаренко, Л.В. Фонетическое описание языка и фонетическое описание речи / Л.В. Бондаренко. – Л., 1981.
2. Борисова, Л.В. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка / Л.В.Борисова. – Минск, 1980.
3. Веренинова, Ж.Б. Фонетическая база английского языка / Ж.Б.Веренинова. – М., 1996.
4. Зиндер, Л.Р. Общая фонетика / Л.Р. Зиндер. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М., 1979.
5. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студентов пед. вузов и ун-тов / С.Ф. Леонтьева. – 3-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Изд-во «Менеджер», 2004.
6. Торсуев, Г.П. Строение слога и аллофоны в английском языке / Г.П.Торсуев. – М., 1975.
7. Щерба, Л.В. Фонетика французского языка / Л.В. Щерба. – М., 1957.
8. Gimson, A.C. An Introduction to Pronunciation of English / A.C. Gimson. – London, 1964.
9. Jones, D. The Pronunciation of English / D. Jones. – Cambridge, 1967.
10. Shakhbagova, D.A. Varieties of English Pronunciation / D.A. Shakhbagova. – M., 1979.
11. Ward, I. The Phonetics of English / I. Ward. – Cambridge, 1948.
12. Vassilyev, V.A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course / V.A. Vassilyev. – M., 1970.
Практическое занятие № 4
Read the pairs of words below, characterize subsidiary variants of vowel phonemes due to adaptation.
a) booty – beauty; moon – music
b) bed – bell; wet – well
c) coop – cat – keen; goose – cattle – keep
d) peel – pool – Paul; tea – too – tore; geese – goose – gorge
Explain the mechanisms of a) the orally exploded variants of /p, b, t, d, k, g/ in the left column; b) the nasally exploded variants of /p, b, t, d, k, g/ followed by /m, n/ in the right column.
Help us – help me
departing – department
don’t ask – don’t know
darker – darkness
ask us – ask me
State what cases of assimilation can be observed in rapid, colloquial style in the examples below.
a) bright blue; dart board; whitewash
b) third part; head boy; red meat; hard work
c) short cake; bright green
d) hard cash; head gird
e) in Cardiff; sunglasses
f) Christmas shopping
g) in the corner; all the books; what’s the point? Where’s the breadknife?
Transcribe the words below. Single out the vowels that may be elided in these words.
Nursery
potato
banana
petitioner
reasonable
boundary
policeman
parliament
several
temporary
buffalo
carefully
phonetically
difficult
awfully
Transcribe the words below. Single out the consonants that may be elided in these words.
Handbag
humty-dumpty
landscape
postman
attempt
sanctuary
a sixth round
empty
next stop
last Saturday
night time
lamb
next time
crumbs
punctual
Give examples of historically established elision in words with the clusters /wr, kn, gn, mb, mn, lk/.
ENGLISH PHONEMES IN WRITING
Семинарское занятие № 5
1. Why is it important to establish relationship between sounds and letters? What is a grapheme?
2. What are the types of graphemic reference?
3. What are the single-valued graphemes? What is a monograph?
4. What are the multi-valued graphemes? What is a digraph, trigraph, polygraph?
5. What are the simple and complex graphemes?
6. How are graphemes connected with phonology?
7. How are graphemes connected with morphology?
8. How is orthography connected with lexicology, grammar?
9. What is the importance of orthography in differentiating homophones?
10.What diacritic functions of graphemes do you know?
11.What is a syllabograph? What is a morphograph?
12.What is the difference between transcription and transliteration?
Литература
1. Бондаренко, Л.В. Фонетическое описание языка и фонетическое описание речи / Л.В. Бондаренко. – Л., 1981.
1. Борисова Л.В. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка / Л.В.Борисова. – Минск, 1980.
3. Веренинова, Ж.Б. Фонетическая база английского языка / Ж.Б.Веренинова. – М., 1996.
4. Зиндер, Л.Р. Общая фонетика / Л.Р. Зиндер. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М., 1979.
5. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студентов пед. вузов и ун-тов / С.Ф. Леонтьева. – 3-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Изд-во «Менеджер», 2004.
6. Торсуев, Г.П. Строение слога и аллофоны в английском языке / Г.П.Торсуев. – М., 1975.
7. Щерба, Л.В. Фонетика французского языка / Л.В. Щерба. – М., 1957.
8. Gimson, A.C. An Introduction to Pronunciation of English / A.C. Gimson. – London, 1964.
9. Jones, D. The Pronunciation of English / D. Jones. – Cambridge, 1967.
10. Shakhbagova, D.A. Varieties of English Pronunciation / D.A. Shakhbagova. – M., 1979.
11.Ward, I. The Phonetics of English / I. Ward. – Cambridge, 1948.
12.Vassilyev, V.A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course / V.A. Vassilyev. – M., 1970.