Read the jokes. Define what intonation patterns should be used to convey humour.

“You say that I am the first model you ever kissed?”

“Yes.”

“And how many models have you had before me?”

“Four. An apple, two oranges, and a vase of flowers.”

***

Soph: But I don’t think I deserve an absolute zero.

Prof: Neither do I, but it is the lowest mark that I am allowed to give.

Контрольная работа № 10

(итоговая)

Read these pairs of words. State to what parts of speech they belong. Single out the sounds that interchange. Transcribe and translate the words into Russian.

Read aloud the minimal pairs below. Single out the phonemes which are contrasted.

State what cases of assimilation can be observed in rapid, colloquial style in the examples below.

h) bright blue; dart board; whitewash

i) third part; head boy; red meat; hard work

j) short cake; bright green

k) hard cash; head gird

l) in Cardiff; sunglasses

m) Christmas shopping

n) in the corner; all the books; what’s the point? Where’s the breadknife?

Analyse these words from the viewpoint of the inventory of graphemes, phonemes, letters.

Baobab, vest, duly, ship, dish, awful, dawn, light, high, work, archaic, airy, laugh, watched.

Divide these words into phonetic syllables. Give their syllabic structural patterns.

People, bugle, satchel, trifle, rhythm, April, equal, happens, marbles, patterns, dragons, urgent, servant, listened, heralds, errands, parents, tangents, patients, scaffold.

Put down stress marks in the words below.

Ascertain, acquiesce, grotesque, cigarette, antique, saloon, employee, career, lemonade, atomic, phonetic, phonological, beneficial, efficient, aqueous, sagittal, upward, relative, impetuous.

Transcribe these words. Underline the vowels of full formation in the unstressed position.

Protest n, content n, comment n, abstract adj, asphalt n, cannot, epoch, blackguard, export n, humbug, expert n.

Intone the sentences below.

1. He will come in an hour or so. 2. This fruit will be red in a month or so. 3. We’ll buy a coat or something to protect you from the cold. 4. He said “Good morning” or something, and went on with his work. 5. He really wanted a couple of books or so. 6. He was a bookmaker and a good one. 7. We have never quarreled with each other. 8. The passengers seemed to like one another.

Вопросы к экзамену

1. The history of phonetic development.

2. Rules of reading English vowels, vowel combinations.

3. Rules of reading English consonants, consonant combinations, V+C.

4. The connection of phonetics with other sciences.

5. Articulatory differences between vowels, consonants, sonorants.

6. Classification of English consonants according to the 1^st and 2^nd principles.

7. Classification of English consonants according to the 3^rd and 4^th principles.

8. The system of Cardinal Vowels devised by D. Jones.

9. The principles of vowel classification suggested by Russian phoneticians.

10. What is commutation test? The difference between phonemes and allophones. The classification of allophones.

11. The method of discovery of minimal distinctive features. The main problems of phonological analysis. What is a kinakeme?

12. English consonants as units of the phonological system.

13. English vowels as units of the phonological system.

14. What is assimilation and adaptation? The types of assimilation and its affections.

15. What is elision, yod coalescence? Contemporary elision. 2 ways of joining the sounds.

16. What is grapheme? The types of grapheme reference. The single-valued graphemes. The multivalued graphemes. The simple and complex graphemes.

17. What is a monograph, digraph, trigraph, polygraph? The connection of graphemes with phonology, morphology.

18. The connection of orthography with lexicology, grammar. Diactritic functions of graphemes. What is syllabograph, morphograph. The difference between transcription and transliteration.

19. What is a syllable? The structure of the syllable. The peak and the slopes of the syllable. The role of sonorants in syllable formation.

20. The theories of syllable formation. Structural types of the syllable. Syllable division. Constitutive and distinctive functions of the syllable.

21. Stress. Stress levels. Types of word-stress, its different degrees and rules. Word-stress in modern English.

22. Strong and weak forms: the use of Weak and Strong forms.

23. Intonation. The main approaches to the study of intonation. The melody or the pitch component of intonation. Sentence stress. Rhythm and tempo. Pausation and tamber.

24. What is standard pronunciation? The main differences between the RP and GA. The system of American English consonants.

25. The system of American English vowels. Accentual structure and intonation in GA.

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