Помощничек
Главная | Обратная связь


Археология
Архитектура
Астрономия
Аудит
Биология
Ботаника
Бухгалтерский учёт
Войное дело
Генетика
География
Геология
Дизайн
Искусство
История
Кино
Кулинария
Культура
Литература
Математика
Медицина
Металлургия
Мифология
Музыка
Психология
Религия
Спорт
Строительство
Техника
Транспорт
Туризм
Усадьба
Физика
Фотография
Химия
Экология
Электричество
Электроника
Энергетика

WHAT IS BETTER? IT’S UP TO YOU TO DECIDE.



ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ КОМИТЕТ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ПО РЫБОЛОВСТВУ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

"МУРМАНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ"

 

 

Кафедра

Иностранных языков

 

 

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОГО МИРА

(ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN WORLD)

 

Методические указания

для младших курсов всех специальностей

 

 

Мурманск


УДК

ББК

 

 

Составитель - Смирнова Ирина Владимировна, ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского государственного технического университета

 

Методические указания рассмотрены и одобрены кафедрой, протокол №5 от 30.01.2008 года.

 

Рецензент - А.В. Малаева, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского государственного технического университета

 

 

Редактор Г.В. Зобнина

 

 

© Мурманский государственный технический университет, 2008

Оглавление

 

Введение....................................................................................................... 4

PART 1. MODERN CITIES: advantages, disadvantages, problems............ 5

PART 2. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN WORLD........ 21

PART 3. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE................... 35

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ 52Ошибка! Закладка не определена.

 

 


 

 

Введение

 

Данные методические указания предназначены для формирования навыков говорения и чтения по темам "Большие города: преимущества, недостатки, проблемы", "Экологические проблемы современного мира", "Актуальные проблемы молодежи" у студентов младших курсов всех специальностей.

Методические указания состоят из трех частей, в каждой из которых содержится от трех до четырех разделов. Каждый раздел включает в себя тексты по теме, дотекстовые, текстовые и послетекстовые упражнения для формирования и закрепления навыков устной речи и различных видов чтения, а также умения работать со словарем.

Методические указания могут быть использованы как на аудиторных занятиях, так и для самостоятельной внеаудиторной работы студентов.

PART 1.

MODERN CITIES: ADVANTAGES , DISADVANTAGES, PROBLEMS

UNIT 1

 

Exercise 1.

a) Read the introduction to the TV programme:

 

“Hello and welcome to Wordly Wise. How’s your day been so far? Have you done all the things you planned? Kept all your appointments? Collected that parcel for the Post Office? Oh – and have you remembered to send your mother a birthday card? If so, well done! If not – you’re not alone. Many of us are finding it more and more difficult to remember everything. Once upon the time we just blamed getting older for your absent-mindedness, but now experts are blaming our modern lifestyle. They say that we have become “the forgetful generation” and that day after day we try to do too much.”

 

appointment, n – назначение, предписание, условленная встреча

parcel, n – посылка

blame, v – винить

absent-minded, adj – рассеянный

 

b) Discuss the following in small groups:

 

1. Does your lifestyle mean that you have a lot to remember and to do each day?

2. What kind of things fill your day?

3. In what ways do you think modern society is busier and more stressful than a hundred years ago?

4. In what ways do you cope to remember all that you have to do every day?

5. Do you live in a big city?

6. How many advantages of city life can you think of?

7. What are the disadvantages of living in a big city in your opinion?

 

c) Write 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of living in a big city and compare them with a partner.

 

Exercise 2.Do this quiz and find out how much you know about cities around the world.

 

1. What proportion of the world’s population lives in cities?

a) over 80% b) about a third c) about two thirds d) about half

2. Which is the world’s largest capital city?

a) Tokyo b) Seoul c) Mexico City d) New Delhi

3. Which is Europe’s noisiest capital?

a) Athenes b) Madrid c) Rome d) Paris

4. Which is the world’s oldest capital city?

a)Baghdad b) Damascus c) Cairo d)Amman

5. Which is the world’s highest capital city?

a)La Paz (Bolivia) b) Lima (Peru)

c) Quito (Ecuador) d) Kathmandu (Nepal)

6. Which was the first city to reach a population of 1 million?

a) Mexico City b)New York c)London d) Rome

Exercise 3.

 

a) Read and learn the words, then read a text and answer the questions:

 

exclusive, adj отличный, первоклассный
inhabitant, n житель
sign, n знак
multi-storey, adj многоэтажный
provide, v обеспечивать
facilities, n возможности
remarkable, adj замечательный, выдающийся
cathedral, n собор
suffer, v страдать
pollution, n загрязнение
trap, v ловить, захватывать
traffic jam пробка
irritable, adj раздражительный, восприимчивый

 

LIVING IN A CITY

(Part 1)

A strange and exclusive word is “city”. How can you describe a city? Even for an old inhabitant it is rather difficult. When you arrive in a city you can notice a lot of streets, roads, signs and of course we can’t imagine a modern city without multi-storey buildings, which extend for miles.

In the 20th century cities grew very quickly. People from the villages moved to towns and cities, they dreamt of having a house or a flat there but also they wished to own a small piece of land with a cottage or a simple country house somewhere out of the city. So what is better: to live in a city or in a village, or how to combine both?

It goes without saying that the cities provide excellent shop facilities and various sport facilities such as swimming pools, tennis courts, stadiums, etc.. There are a lot of cultural centres such as theatres, exhibitions where people can raise their intellect and cultural level. Besides there are sightseeing facilities due to which the inhabitants and visitors can go around the most remarkable places of interest in a city such as churches, cathedrals, museums and monuments. Moreover, the advantage of living in a big city is in choosing different professions or to get better education or to become a highly-qualified specialist.

But without any doubt, people in big cities suffer from noise, water and air pollution, overpopulation, criminal situation, stresses, because people are always in a hurry, they have to cover too long distances every day and are often trapped in traffic jams. All these factors influence people’s health, they get nervous and irritable.

 

Exercise 4.Answer the questions to the text:

 

1. How can you describe a modern city?

2. How many generations of your family live in a city?

3. When did cities grow very quickly? Why?

4. Does your city grow intensively now?

5. Where are better shopping facilities: in a city or in a village?

6. Where can you see more places of interest?

7. Where can you promote your career as a specialist more effectively?

8. What do people in big cities suffer from?

9. Why do they often get nervous and irritable?

 

Exercise 5. Match definitions a-h to the adjectives 1-8 on the right with the help of a dictionary.

 

a) rather dirty 1. awe-inspiring
b) full of people who are very busy or lively (especially a place0 2. haphazard
c) not organized, not arranged according to a plan 3. tacky
d) very tall or high in the sky (especially buildings or trees) 4. grubby
e) so loud, big or noticeable that you just can’t ignore it 5. clogged
f) cheap and badly made or vulgar 6. bustling
g) giving a feeling of respect and amazement 7. soaring
h) blocked so that nothing can pass through (especially a place) 8. in-your-face

 

Exercise 6. Read the text with the help of a dictionary. There are three paragraphs in this text. Say what the purpose of each one is:

LIVING IN A CITY

(Part 2)

Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need to own a car. Also, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, when you want to relax, you can usually find a park where you can feed the ducks or just sit on a park bench and read a book. All in all, city life is full of bustle and variety and you never feel bored.

However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but unless it is very well-paid, you will not able to afford many of the things that there are to do, because living in a city is often very expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good cheap accommodation. What is more, public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hour, and even the parks can become very crowded, especially on Sundays when it seems that every city-dweller is looking for some open space and green grass. Last of all,despite all the crowds, it is still possible to feel lonely in a city.

In conclusion,I think that city life can be particularly appealing to young people, who like the excitement of the city and don’t mind the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and when they have little children, often prefer the peace and fresh air of the country side.

 

 

Exercise 7. Replace the words underlined with one of the following. Fill in the table.

 

In spite of  
Another point is that  
All things considered  
To sum up  
One disadvantage is that  
Moreover  
Pros and cons  
One advantage is that  
For instance  
In my opinion  
Especially  
Finally  

 

Exercise 8. Write rough notes about the pros and cons of living in a city using the material from the text (Part 1 and 2).

 

Exercise 9. Write three paragraphs called “The Pros and Cons Living in the Country”. Use the words and phrases from the text. In the conclusion give your own opinion. Write about 120 words.

 

Answers to the ex. 2 ( 1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4- b, 5-a, 6-d)

UNIT 2.

Exercise 1. Read and memorize the words and word combinations:

 

opposite, adj. противоположный
direct, v направлять
extend, v простираться
suburb, n пригород
inquire, v узнавать, наводить справки
accident, n несчастный случай
traffic, n движение
note, v замечать, обращать внимание
magnificent, adj. великолепный
associate, v связывать
commemorate, v служить напоминанием, чтить память
erect, v сооружать, воздвигать
avenue, n широкая улица, проспект
lane, n переулок
embankment, n набережная
pavement, n тротуар
highway, n шоссе
rush hour час пик
it’s up to you все зависит от вас
it makes no difference все равно, без разницы

 

Exercise 2. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is correct put a tick ( ). If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the right column. There are two examples, (0) and (00).

 

0. The main advantage of living in a city is that there
00. are so many things for to do in your free time. There for
1. are cinemas, theatres, sports centres and stadiums. It  
2. is very much difficult to be bored in the city, as long as  
3. you have got money to spend. I do not think so I  
4. would like to living in the country because it is too  
5. quiet. People who are prefer the country say that it  
6. Is much more relaxed than the city. They say that  
7. they do not worry about no crime, and that they enjoy  
8. breathing of clean air every day.I am sure that  
9. All this is true, but I think I would get bored out after  
10. Only a few days. I do not like the traffic noise and  
11. Air pollution of the city, but I can tolerate with it if it  
12. Means I can spend all day making shopping, then go  
13. To the cinema and a night club in the evening. What is  
14. There to do in the country? Going for the long walks  
15. In the fields, surrounded about by trees and cows is  
  Not my idea of a good time!  

 

Exercise 3. Read the text and say if you agree or disagree with the author. Use such words and word combinations as In my opinion As for me, I believe, I hope, I fully(completely, entirely) agree that, I can’t agree to the idea that, Unfortunately, No doubt that, The fact is that, etc:

 

WHAT IS BETTER? IT’S UP TO YOU TO DECIDE.

Life in town and in country-side differs. No objections! Each place of living has its advantages and disadvantages. There are localities on our planet with a population more than several millions of people: Tokyo, Moscow, Rio-de-Janeiro New York, London Paris, etc. Little towns – little problems. Large cities – large problems. Let’s start with disadvantages. You can hear the continuous noise and cracking in the streets. There are a lot of machines and vehicles, a lot of roads and car accidents. Yes, the noise is maddening, crowds – everywhere. Smog and polluted water poison our life. Unfortunately, our contemporaries have turned our land into a desert of concrete and stone. Stone jungles. The forests have been cut down, the rivers are hidden in the underground pipes. The birds are captured and sold in pet shops. Nature has been spoilt for ever.

And what about our security? It’s dangerous to go out for a walk late in the evening. Criminals do what they want. You may cry but people shut their doors and windows and pretend to be blind or deaf. The man’s nature is spoilt by fear.

People are crazy about making money here. Everything is pretty expensive: things, service, transport, education, sport clubs, amusement. People are tired and nervous, ill and busy. The fantastic speed of life!

But town life has its attractiveness. You have everything at your disposal to get the best education, to rest in full comfort, luxury facilities matter a lot. You have a chance to widen your outlook in art galleries and museums, concert halls and opera houses. You may go in for sports and become a champion here. You can find a wonderful occupation for yourself and a good flat. But any busy town takes your health, your strength, your free time. And you dream of leaving the city to find a quiet month to yourself to relax, to gain strength and balance.

It’s high time now to speak about a village. Let’s start with its advantages. We hope that ecological problems there are not so sharp. Rivers used to be so marvelous and full of fish! Air used to be so pure and fresh! The blue sky, white little houses, smiling people look incredible! We enjoy picturesque places. Nature cures us. In short, early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Domestic animals are so funny! You avoid getting hot-tempered, you feel cheerful and keep smiling. Fancy sightseeing, sunbathing, mountain climbing or simply just walking make you really happy. But… citizens are too idle for a village hard work from morning till night. There are no wonderful schools, universities, hospitals, swimming-pools, etc. You also face the problem of leisure and modern facilities, the lack of opportunities for self-perfection. That is the main reason why young people leave their village and go to look for their happiness in a city. Cities have a wide choice of opportunities, but a modest village life has none of them.

In conclusion, I should say that tastes differ, and all people choose their own way of life and consider it the best. May be they are right.

Exercise 4.

 

a) Give the Russian equivalents to the English words and word combinations:

 

Favourable conditions, due to, to live in the suburbs, parks and avenues, to be overcrowded, well-to-do people, in rush hours, cultural level, to connect with, citizens, to enjoy fresh air, to have the possibility, to get by bus, administrative and industrial center

 

b) Translate the word combinations from Russian into English:

 

спортивные сооружения, простираться на 20 км, в ближайшем будущем, был разрушен, благоприятные условия, благодаря чему-либо, становиться известным, линии метро, парки и проспекты, развиваться как порт, делиться на несколько районов, добираться на чем-либо, жить в пригороде, связывать с именем, посетить выставку.

 

Exercise 5. Answer the questions:

 

1. Are there many big cities in the world?

2. Are modern cities beautiful or not?

3. Do people feel safe in a city?

4. Why young people prefer to live in a city?

5. Why are there problems of leisure and education in the country side?

6. Why are people so nervous in a big city?

7. What are the advantages of living in a village?

8. Do your parents or grandparents have a country house? Is it pleasant or problematic?

9. Are you used to a village work?

10. Where would you like to live? Why?

 

Exercise 6. Make your own sentences with the given word combinations;

 

At your disposal, to be pretty expensive, to be so marvelous, to cut down, to turn into, to be tired and nervous, speed of life, to avoid getting, the lack of smth, to look for happiness, to choose his(her) own way.

 

Exercise 7. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

 

1. Это не только административный и культурный центр, но и промышленный.

2. Большие города всегда переполнены, особенно в часы пик.

3. Дружеские связи соединяют наш город с разными странами.

4. Только состоятельные люди живут в этом районе города.

5. Множество библиотек и музеев позволяют повышать горожанам свой культурный уровень.

6. Жители городов имеют возможность заниматься спортом в различных спортивных сооружениях.

7. Вы можете наслаждаться свежим воздухом и реками, полными рыбы.

 

 

UNIT 3.

Exercise 1.Read and translate the words from English into Russian without a dictionary:

 

Universal, original, hero, nature, population, capital, centre, multinational, civilization, architecture, list, classical, poet, composer, sculptor, administrative, commercial, industrial, transport, factory.

 

Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss with your group mates why it is worth living in St. Petersburg:

 

 




Поиск по сайту:

©2015-2020 studopedya.ru Все права принадлежат авторам размещенных материалов.