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V. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word



1. Every citizen has the right to an equal ____4______ before the law.

\4) treatment  

2. People with low incomes receive help from various legal aid schemes to _______2___ the costs of the lawyer. ///

  2) pay

3. Strict rules exist to protect suspects against any ___5_____ by the authorities.

5) abuses

 

4. An arrested person has the right to consult a ____3___ in England and Wales.

3) solicitor

 

5. An accused person is regarded as ____4____ until proved guilty.

4) innocent

 

6. A conviction can be __1____on appeal if the evidence is improperly presented in court.

1) quashed

 

7. Typical __2___ disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and employers.

  2) civil

 

8. Nobody is above the law; public authorities can be successfully __1 ___ in the civil courts.

1) sued

 

9. In England and Wales an arrested person cannot be _____2) __ in police custody beyond 36 hours without a warrant being obtained from a lay justice.///

  2) detained

 

10. The police must ____4___ a suspect before any questions are put for the purpose of obtaining evidence.

4) caution  

 

11. Police are strictly forbidden to use ___1____ to obtain answers from suspects.///

1) violence

 

12. Most people are released on bail after being ______5____with an offence.

5) charged

 

13. The prosecution and the defence may ____3__individual jurors on grounds of possible bias.

3) challenge

 

14. An accused person is regarded as innocent until proved ____2___.

  2) guilty

 

15. Anyone convicted by a court has the right of ______1_ to higher courts against conviction or sentence.

1) appeal

 

16. An accused person is regarded as __3____ until proved guilty.

3) innocent

 

17. Anyone ____5__with an offence has the right to legal representation in court.

5) charged

 

18. The defence has the right to the last speech at a __4__trial before the judge sums up.

4) jury

 

19. In the UK typical civil disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and __3______.

3) employers

 

20. England and Wales are known to have __2_many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago.

  2) retained

21. A court must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that a defendant has committed the crime before reaching a ‘____4___’ verdict.

4) guilty  

 

22. Most people are released on __1____ after being charged with an offence.

1) bail

 

23. People charged with serious crimes such as murder, manslaughter, rape and robbery are ___2___in front of a jury. !!!

  2) tried

 

24. A lawyer has the right to ___1______ prosecution witnesses.

1) cross-examine

 

25. Judges do not merely ___3____ the law; in some cases they make laws.

3) apply

 

26. The doctrine of _4____is still a central feature of modern common law systems.

4) precedent  

 

27. The spread of ___1__law in the world is due both to the widespread influence of Britain in the world and the growth of the USA.

1) common

 

28. _____4___ systems are sometimes known as codified legal systems.

4) continental  

 

29. In order to separate the roles of the ____1__ and judiciary, it is necessary to make laws that were clear and comprehensive.

1) legislature

 

30. The courts are able to _____2___ the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.

  2) challenge

 

31. The clear distinction between _____1__ and judiciary has weakened in many countries, where courts are able to challenge the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.

1) legislature

 

32. In many countries legislators wanted to break with previous case law, which had often produced ____5__ and biased judgment.

5) corrupt

 

33. A shoplifter is a person who __2____ from shops.

  2) steals

 

34. A _____3___ is a person who brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax.

3) smuggler

 

35. The principle of separation of power was adopted in order to ____1_ the control of a state over its citizens.///

1) strengthen

 

36. President of the United States is ____2___ for a term of four years.

  2) elected

 

37. It takes much longer to have a case heard in the Crown Court, but __3____ prefer it because the case is decided by the jury, ordinary members of the public.

3) defendants

 

38. The _____2_ on a jury is compulsory and cannot be avoided without a good reason, such as illness.

  2) service

39. Such serious crime, like ___3___, cannot be heard by the magistrates and must go to the Crown Court.

3) murder

 

40. The process of taking an action from a low court to a higher court may be __1________ and very costly.

1) time-consuming

 

41. A terrorist is a person who uses __1_____ for political reasons.

1) violence

 

42. A ___4__dealer buys and sells drugs illegally.

4) drug

 

43. Juries ___2__ only in criminal courts.

  2) serve

 

44. The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest appellate court ____2___.

  2) instance

 

45. Most schools in many countries no longer have ___4____ punishment.

4) corporal

 

46. Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to _4_____ the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.

4) ban  

 

47. Torture is defined in the 1949 Geneva Convention as the deliberate, systematic __2____of physical and mental suffering.

  2) infliction

 

48. Sometimes __1______ is used to extract information from prisoners, and sometimes for no other reason than to hurt and frighten them.

1) torture

 

49. The police had enough ____4_____ of John’s accomplice

4) proof  

 

50. _____4__punishment would be abolished in all countries if it hadn’t been serious crimes like murder and rape.

4) capital  

 

51. Amnesty International works to ___3__ people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.

3) release

 

52. Death penalty is available in most states today for the most __3__ crimes such as murder.

3) serious

 

53. A burglar is a person who ____2___into the house to steal.

  2) breaks

 

54. A hijacker is a person who ____3__ control of a plane by force and makes pilot change course.

3) takes

 

55. The verdict of a jury should be unanimous, though sometimes a __1___verdict is acceptable.

1) majority

 

56. The defendant was accused of ____2__ a crime by the jury.

  2) committing

 

57. Prisoners of __1____ are people who had never used or advocated violence and were simply in prison because of their political or religious beliefs.

1) conscience

 

58. Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to ___3___the death penalty.

3) abolish

 

59. The accused was released on ___4__after being chargedwith an offence.

4) bail

 

60. The witnesses saw how the accident happened and gave truthful ____2___to the judge.

  2) evidence

 

61. In a Crown Court trial there are twelve _3_____.

3) jurors

 

62. When the police __1___ somebody on suspicion (за підозрою) of having committed a crime, they have to follow certain procedure.

1) arrest

 

63. Unless the police obtain special permission, they are not allowed to __4____ a person for more than twenty-four hours.

4) detain

 

64. In cases where a panel of magistrates (usually three) has decided somebody is guilty of a crime, they can also __1____ a punishment.

1) impose

 

65. Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been __5__ to the job by a local committee.

5) appointed

 

66. The members of the jury are not paid but they are given _4___while they are on jury service, which is usually for about two weeks.

4) expenses

 

67. Unless the police __2__ special permission, they are not allowed to detain a person for more than twenty-for hours.

  2) obtain

 

68. Magistrates, who are also known as Justices of the Peace, are not trained __1_____

1) lawyers

 

69. It is the judge’s job to ___2___ a punishment on those found guilty of crimes.

  2) impose

 

70. If it is someone’s first offence, and the crime is a small one, even a guilty person is often unconditionally _____3___.

3) discharged

 

71. In Britain magistrates do not get salaries or a fee for their work, though they get paid __5_____.

5) expenses

 

72. Juries consist of ____1__ people selected at random from the list of voters.

1) twelve

 

73. A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction ____3___ or to have the sentence reduced.

3) quashed

 

74. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and defence put their cases (аргументи) and question witnesses, and to decide what ___2___ is admissible (допустимо, прийнятно) and what is not.

  2) evidence

 

75. A conditional _______4_ means that the guilty person is set free but if he or she commits another crime within a stated time, the first crime will be taken into account.

4) discharge

 

76. In order a ___1__ to be reached, there must be agreement among at least ten jurors.

1) verdict

 

77. A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction quashed or to have the sentence ____3___.

3) reduced

 

78. A guilty person may be set free and put on _____4__, which means that regular meetings with a social worker must take place.

4) probation

 

79. A very common form of punishment for minor offences is a __1___, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.

1) fine

 

80. The American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the __1____ of powers between the executive, legislative and judiciary.

1) separation

 

81. In order for a verdict to be reached, there must be __4____ among at least ten jurors.

4) agreement  

 

82. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the __1___ and defence put their cases and question witnesses, and to decide what evidence is admissible and what is not.

1) prosecution

 

83. A very common form of punishment for __3___ offences is a fine, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.

3) minor

 

84. Wherever possible, magistrates and judges try not to ___1_____ people.

1) imprison

 

85. The only function of _3_____ is to present cases in court.///

3) barristers

 

86. People who are sent to prison often get _____1_- of their sentence for good behaviour.

1) reduction

 

87. There is no death penalty in Britain, except for __1_____.

1) treason

 

88. There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a __2____ and a barrister.

1) attorney 2) solicitor

 

89. In order to make the arrest legal the police must caution an arrested person: ‘You do not have to say anything unless you wish to do so, but what you say may be given in __3_____.’

3) evidence

 

90. One way to ___1___ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.

1) estimate

 

91. There is no death ____1__ in Britain, except for treason.

1) penalty

 

92. There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a solicitor and a __5_____.

5) barrister

93. ___1__ is a sum of money guaranteed by somebody on behalf of a person who has been charged with a crime so that he/she can go free until the time of the trial.

1) bail

 

94. It is generally accepted that in the last quarter of the twentieth century, the number of crimes has gone up because of a lack of confidence in the ability of the police to __2___ criminals. !!!

  2) catch

 

95. The system of __1___ in England and Wales, in both civil and criminal cases, is and adversarial system.

1) justice

 

96. For murderers, there is an obligatory life ___4___ in Britain.

4) sentence

 

97. If the trail is to be heard, the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of a lawyer – a ___1____-.

1) barrister

 

98. One way to ___2___ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.

  2) estimate

 

99. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and ___4___ put their cases and question witnesses.

4) defence

 

100. The magistrate may decide that it is not necessary to hold the suspect in ___1___. custody

 

101. Courts contribute to social stability by 3… disputes in the civilized fashion (…).

3) solving

 

102. A crime is a wrong which 3… against society (…).

3) is

 

103. A court may sentence an offender to execution, …3 punishment or loss of liberty (…).

3) corporal

 

104. The evidence is not sufficient (достатня) to bring a …4 against him. (…).

1 4) prosecution 5)

 

105. He refused to give 1… at the trial (…). +++

1) testimony

 

106. An independent committee will look into (вивчить) alleged (заявлені) human rights …2 (…).

2) abuses 3)

 

107. She gave a somewhat (до певної міри, дещо, ) 2… account of the proceedings (…).

) 2) biased 3))

 

108. They are 3… the law by employing such young children (…).

3) breaking 4

 

109. When the judge had finished his summing up, he asked the jury to consider their … (2…).

2) verdict 3)

 

110. It is the duty of every state to … its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for the international crimes (3…).

3) exercise 4)

 

111. Weapons are bought not only by criminals but by … citizens to protect themselves (3…).

3) law-abiding 4) law-

 

112. The man they arrested last night has been 3… with murder (…).

3) charged 4

113. In some cases tribunals fail to 2… the law properly (…).

2) apply 3)

 

114. Under the UK judiciary system, everyone is innocent until proved … (3…).

3) guilty 4

 

115. He sued the newspaper for … (3…).

1 3) libel 4))

 

116. We saw …3 break into the house (…).

3) burglar

 

117. The police suspect that he had a/an … (…2).

2) accomplice 3)

 

118. The jury 1… him of the charge of murder (…).

1) acquitted (виправдали) 2)

 

119. The police asked him to make a/an … (…2).

2) statement 3)

120. The magistrate issued (видача документа) a/an 3 … for his arrest (…).

3) warrant 4)

 

121. The police have appealed for …2 to the accident (…).

2) witnesses 3)

 

122. He may be prosecuted for 2… secrets about the security agency (…).

1) discovering 2) revealing 3

 

123. The important constitutional principle that the king or Queen must 3… any legislation passed by Parliament is simply an unwritten tradition that has gradually developed over the last three hundred years (…).

3) approve 4

 

124. There is a/an …2 in Britain about whether citizens rights would be better guaranteed by a written constitution or at least a bill of rights (…).

2) debate 3)

 

125. Some people argue that the …2 of an unwritten constitution is a good thing (…).

2) flexibility 3)

 

126. British Home Secretary … the television licences of people who had bought them early to avoid a price increase (2…).

2) cancelled

 

127. Thirty police officers were brought to 2… (…).

2) trial 3)

 

128. The police can 2… a private house without first obtaining a court warrant (…).

2) search

 

129. They threatened to shoot him and 2… him of all his possessions (…). +++

2) robbed 3

 

130. The doctrine of 3… is still a central feature of modern common law system (…).

3) precedent 4

 

131. Many case law systems have …2 of law that have been comprehensively codified (…).

2) areas 3

 

132. Thousands of people came to pray at the shrine of the former archbishop of Canterbury who was …3 in the Cathedral in 1170 (…).

3) murdered

 

133. The courts of common law and of 2… existed alongside each other for centuries (…).

2) equity 3

 

134. One of the reasons for having special constitutional laws is to … governments from becoming too powerful (2…).

2) prevent 3)

 

135. Nowadays a lawyer can 2… common law and equitable claims in the same court (…).

2) pursue (розглядати, займатись) 3)

 

136. Differences in the way people are treated can be …3 as evidence of discrimination (…)///

3) interpreted

 

137. The fifth amendment of the American Constitution, which …2 a witness from answering in court if he states his answer, might reveal his own criminal guilt (…).

2) exempts

 

138. Charlie’s been …2 from driving for a year (…).

2) banned 3)

 

139. The state police are …2 the incident (…).

2) investigating

 

140. He joined with others to start a 2… for prisoners of conscience (…).

2) campaign 3

 

141. The group does not …2 the use of violence (…).

2) advocate 3)

 

142. They were in prison because of their political or religious …2 (…).

2) beliefs 3

 

143. By gathering information, creating publicity and writing letters, Amnesty has helped to speed up the 2… of such prisoners all over the world (…).

2) release 3)

 

144. Not everyone agrees that merely being born as a human 3… entitles someone to certain freedoms and treatment (…).

3) being 4

 

145. Many German artists 3… to America at the beginning of World War II (…).

3) fled 4

 

146. They used torture to 2… information about their families (…).

2) extract 3

 

147.Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been … to the job by a local committee (…).2

2) appointed 3)

 

148. Governments make laws and the police 3… them (…).

3) enforce 4

 

149. One of the two accused men was 1… at yesterday’s trial and left the courtroom smiling broadly

1) acquitted 2)

 

150. Jack was arrested because he had entered the country … (…2).

2) illegally

151. Sally didn’t realize that she had …2. the law (…).

2) broken

 

152. The president admitted that there had been a breakdown of law and 3… (…).

3) order 4

 

153. Jim’s parents wouldn’t 3… him go to the demonstration (…).

3) let 4

 

154. Talking to other students is against the …3 of the examination (…).

3) rules 4

 

155. I had to take the company to 1… to get the money they owed me (…).

1) court 2)

 

156.The import of these products is 2… by law (…).

2) prohibited 3)

 

157. Charles could not deny having been at the 3… of the crime (…).

3) scene

 

158. The child was kidnapped by a notorious …2 of robbers (…).

2) gang 3

 

159. He is …3 of murder (…).

3) accused 4)

 

160. She studied law and was called to the 3… (…).

3) Bar 4)

 

161. He was arrested and then released on 2… by magistrates (…).

2) bail 3)

 

162. The witness was visibly nervous before giving his … (2…). ///

2) testimony

 

163. Under 2… he admitted being a drug user (…).

2) cross-examination

 

164. The amount of 3… awarded (компенсованих) to the plaintiff (позивачу) will be decided by the judge, not the jury (…).

3) damages \

 

165. A …4 can advise on how you should act in this situation (…).

4) solicitor

 

166. Common law has been 3… by many Commonwealth countries and the USA (…).

3) adopted

 

167. It is not necessary for a …2 to know anything about the law (…).

2) juror 3

 

168. All …2 against police officers are carefully investigated (…).

2) complaints 3)

 

169. The police who were investigating the crime could find no 2… at all (…). !!!

Clues

 

170. Nineteenth century Europe saw the …2 of several multi-ethnic empires (…). ///

2) decline

 

171. It is not the job of the police to 3… justice (…).

3) administer 4)

 

172. The company accused him of …2 his contract (…).

2) breaching 3)

 

173. The witness must have given …3 evidence at a trail (…).

3) false 4

 

174. Punishment may be 2… only on a person found guilty of committing a crime (…).

2) imposed 3) \

\

175. She stole jewellery from the department store and was charged with 2… (…).

2) shoplifting

 

176. He broke into the house and was charged with 4… (…).

4) burglary

 

177. Many of the President’s decisions and all new legislation must be approved in the Congress, which is 3… by the people

3) elected

 

178. The President is 3… to appoint judges to the court (…).

3) empowered 4)

 

179. The driver admitted that the accident was his own 2… (…).

2) fault 3)

 

180. The …2 Secretary is responsible for the prevention of crime offences, trial and treatment of offenders and for the prison service (…).

2) Home 3)

 

181. In a civil case, the party who take legal action against the defendant is called … (3…).

1 3) plaintiff 4

 

182. The BBC received a stream of …3 about the programme (…).

3) complaints 4)

 

183. He issued a 3 … against a newspaper (…). (видати ордер на арешт) ///

1 3) writ

 

184. The Norman Kings sent travelling …3 around the country and gradually a “common law” developed (…).

3) judges 4

 

185. A case is usually presented by the … (2…). ///

2) prosecutor 3

 

186. They are hoping for a …3 in their favour from the European Court of Justice (…).

Judgment

 

187. In some countries such as France, the judges and jurors decide the …1 together (…).

1) case 2)

 

188. The court ruled that the child’s parents must share the 2… for the accident (…).

2) blame 3)

 

189. A man is being held in police …3 in connection with the murder (…).

1 3) custody 4)

 

190. The new law on drink – driving comes into …2 next month (…).

2) force

 

191. After considering the case, the judge put the young offender 2… (…).

2) on probation 3

 

192. The …2 wanted to show that the legal rights of their citizens originated in the state, not in local customs (…).

2) lawmakers 3)

 

193. They have imprisoned a/an …2 man (…).

2) innocent 3)

 

194. Having arrested someone suspected of committing a crime, the police decide if they have enough evidence to make a formal 2…

2) accusation 3

 

195. Some minor cases as parking violations, are dealt with only by the 3… (…).

3) magistrates 4)

 

196. The rules of procedure and 2… determines the court that may deal with a claim or dispute, the form of the trial, and so on

2) jurisdiction 3

 

197. Each court normally hears cases in 2… of three judges, but on occasion, a full court of nine judges will sit (…).

2) panel 3

 

198. Most countries have a formal written Constitution describing how laws are to be made and …2 (…).

2) enforced 3)

 

199. Juror must be men and women possessed of sound 2…, absolute honest, and a complete sense of fairness (…).

2) judgment 3

 

200. We are determined that the terrorist will not escape … 2(…).

2) punishment 3)

Розділ 6 Choose the right preposition or article according to the contents of the sentences.(

№ 849

The judge sentenced the accused to 15 years … prison. in

№ 850

The police said he was responsible … the crime committed. for

№ 851

I don‟t think you have done anything … the law. against

№ 852

I hope the police will try to find … what happened to the victim. out

№ 853

In the trial, the jury decided he was guilty … the crime.of

№ 854

Juveniles are dealt … in special Magistrates Courts known as Juvenile Courts. with

№ 855

A deserter is a soldier who runs … from the army. away

№ 856

A kidnapper is a person who takes away people … force, demanding money for their return. by

№ 857

He has been in trouble … the police once before, but it was only a minor offence. with

№ 858

In order to reach their decision, the jury must listen carefully … the evidence. to

№ 859

If the accused is convicted … murder, the sentence may be at least ten years in prison. of

№ 860

The policeman asked the suspect to make … statement. a

№ 861

Do you agree … capital punishment for some crimes such as murder? to

№ 862

A law-breaker is anyone who breaks … law. a

№ 863

This person betrays his or her country … another state. to

№ 864

… the end of the trial, she had been found guilty. at

№ 865

The judge told John that he was … hardened criminal. a

№ 866

Peace and international cooperation have become … most important need of all peoples and nations. the

№ 867

Punishment may be imposed only … a person found guilty of committing a crime. on

№ 868

The law prescribes criminal responsibility … military crimes. for

№ 869

Courts are bound … the decisions of previous courts unless it can be shown that the facts differ from

previous cases. by

№ 870

An assassin murders … political reasons or reward. for

№ 871

A terrorist uses violence … political reasons. for

№ 872

A stowaway is a person who hides … a ship or plane to get a free journey. on

№ 873

A robber is a person who steals money by force … people. from

№ 874

A hooligan is a person who deliberately causes damages … property. to

№ 875

Timothy was arrested for … murder of his wife. the

№ 876

The Crown Courts deal exclusively … criminal matters. with

№ 877

Versions of Roman law had long influenced many parts of Europe, but had little impact … English

law. on

№ 878

In contrast … civil-law legal systems, which are based on codes, common-law legal systems are based

on judicial precedents. with|to

№ 879

A person who feels his case was not fairly treated in a lower court can appeal … a higher court for

reassessment. to

№ 880

If it is his first offence, he might be given a fine instead, for example £1,000, or put … probation. on

№ 881

The child was kidnapped … a notorious gang of robbers. by

№ 882

The intruder was badly damaged … the guard dog in the palace garden. by

№ 883

Do you think people should be allowed to use a knife for … self- defence?-

№ 884

He had been accused … the theft of the vase. of

№ 885

The burglary happened during the night while he was … . out

№ 886

If you break the law, you will be … trouble. in

№ 887

The police who were investigating the crime could find no clues … all. at

№ 888

It is the responsibility of the police to enforce the law, not to take it … their own hands. into

№ 889

The police questioned them at … police station. the

№ 890

In awarding sentences the court takes … consideration the gravity of the offence. into

№ 891

The President is elected by the people and he attempts to carry … his policy promises through the

presidential office of advisers. out

№ 892

… the new Constitution, the court system will be modified, but only time will tell whether the

judiciary will emerge as a true third branch of government. under

№ 893

According … the Constitution, the State ensures the protection of all forms of property rights and its

management. to

№ 894

The customs officers detained Bob and charged him … smuggling. with

№ 895

The police spent the whole day searching the house … evidence. for

№ 896

When someone is guilty, the judge may give that person … prison sentence. a

№ 897

Because of his past … criminal record, Brian was the main suspect. -

№ 898

The murderer of … children was sentenced to life imprisonment. the

№ 899

The policemen following the robbers were in … plain clothes. -

№ 900

As there was no evidence, the judge dismissed … case. the

№ 901

The chief of the police said that he saw no connection … the two murders. between

№ 902

They stole … money and credit cards. the

№ 903

Adam took … money from her bag and was charged with pickpocketing. the

№ 904

Jean left her car in a no-parking area and had to pay … fine. a

№ 905

Pauline decided to sue … police because she had been wrongly accused. the

№ 906

I decided to buy … burglar alarm after someone had broken into my house. a

№ 907

You have to keep … the speed limit when you are driving in the city. to

№ 908

Small crimes like … illegal parking are called minor offences. -

№ 909

The hijackers are still holding twelve people hostage … the plane. On

№ 910

He deserves … severe punishment. -

№ 911

In spite … civil wars in the 15th and 17th centuries and enormous social changes associated with

industrialisation, England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago. of

№ 912

Some areas in the USA have areas … law that have been comprehensively codified. of

№ 913

As a check upon overpowerful government most modern constitutions have adopted … principle of

separation of powers, developed in the 18th century by the French political philosopher Montesquieu. the

№ 914

In case of a serious disagreement … the Cabinet and the House of Commons, steps must immediately

be taken to restore harmony between the executive and the legislative branches, either by a resignation of the government or by a dissolution of the Parliament.between

№ 915

I am very interested in cases committed … this hardened offender. by

№ 916

… Court of Appeals considers cases sent up to it by the lower courts. the

The Supreme Court cannot alter … Constitution. the

№ 918

… County Courts deal exclusively with civil matters. the

№ 919

The judge had to pass a sentence … the murderer yesterday. on

№ 920

The appellant arrived … later than the jury had expected.

№ 921

It is necessary to make laws that should be … better and comprehensive.

№ 922

… lowest criminal court, a Magistrates Court is empowered to hear certain cases. the

№ 923

The Constitution of GB can be said not to be in one document that‟s why it is often said to be …

unwritten one. an

№ 924

Professional judges are known not to belong … any political party. to

№ 925

He is likely to tell us about … judicial system of GB. the

№ 926

The House of Commons is known to be made … of 651 elected members (MPs). up

№ 927

They turn … to be finally punished in accordance with the law. out

№ 928

She is known to participate … the trial as a public prosecutor. in

№ 929

We heard the detective begin the investigation … this criminal case.of

№ 930

The judge made … jury bring a verdict immediately. the

№ 931

It is necessary to know that the spread of common law is due … the influence of Britain and the USA. to

№ 932

The Constitution of the United Kingdom is not even … writing, and the country is often said to have

an unwritten constitution.

№ 933

The Constitution can be changed … any time by an act of Parliament. at

№ 934

The throne passes … a king or a queen to his / her eldest son or daughter. from

№ 935

The Lord Chancellor and the Speaker normally announce to Parliament that the monarch has given the royal assent … a bill. to

№ 936

Four groups of people are entitled … sit in the House of Lords. to

№ 937

The monarch formally appoints all bishops and also creates peers … the advice of the Prime Minister. on

№ 938

Not long ago, the Lord Chancellor presided … the House of Lords both when it sat as a legislative

body and when it sat as a law court. over

№ 939

The Queen, Lords and Commons all have to agree … any new law which is passed. to

№ 940

The United States government shares governmental powers … the states under the federal system

established by the United States Constitution. among

№ 941

Government in the United States operates … three levels: national, state and local.on

Elected by the people to hold office for … four-year term, the President can be elected no more than two terms. a

№ 943

The American Constitution is the world‟s oldest written constitution … force.in

№ 944

The Articles of Confederation devised a loose association among the states, and set … a federal

government with very limited powers.up

№ 945

It was … these circumstances that the Constitution of the United States was drawn up. under

№ 946

Amendments … the Constitution cover a wide range of subjects. to

№ 947

Every person who remains within the territory of Ukraine … a legal basis is guaranteed freedom of

movement and free choice of place of residence. on

№ 948

All people are free and equal … their dignity and rights. in

№ 949

There are no privileges or restrictions based … race, colour of skin, political, religious and other

beliefs. on

№ 950

The victims have started a lawsuit to get compensation … their injuries. for

№ 951

Mr. Nelson instituted legal proceedings … his neighbour. against

№ 952

No country has a right to interfere … the internal affairs of the other states.&

№ 953

The American people were proud of the decision to put … end to slavery in their country. on

№ 954

What freedoms were provided … by the Bill of Rights? for

№ 955

The accused asserted that he had had … mind to commit a crime. a

№ 956

He has taken the drugs from … certain Mr. Barton. a

№ 957

Mrs. Duke was informed to have been appointed Rector of Saint Andrew‟s University for … seven

year term. a

№ 958

All the Supreme Court justices are nominated … life by the President. for

№ 959

… the base of the pyramid are trial courts, composed of a single judge and a jury selected from local

citizens. in

№ 960

The term “Common Law” has been used … the 12th century, and it describes the main body of

English unwritten law. since

№ 961

These judges are free to depart … the precedent and set a new precedent as it is accepted and used by

other judges. from

№ 962

The civil law covers cases related … family, property, contracts and non-contractual wrongful acts

suffered by one person at the hands of another. to

№ 963

Literature, computer programs, artistic works can not be patented, but they can be protected …

copyright. by

№ 964

In recent years it has been difficult for intellectual property law to prevent new original works …

copying and to keep pace with technological change. from

№ 965

In Europe … criminal law of modern times has emerged from various codifications: the most

important were the two Napoleonic codes of 1808 and 1810. the

№ 966

What is the European Central Bank in charge … ? of

№ 967

Is the European Investment Bank able to lend money … favourable terms? on

№ 968

My uncle asked Mr. Winters, … well-known barrister, to plead his case in court. A

№ 969

… the late 1970s there has been a trend toward punishment rather than rehabilitation of offenders in

the USA. in

№ 970

A lawyer should act in strict conformity … the Constitution. with

№ 971

The decision of the Community is binding … the addressee. over

№ 972

Human rights are rights held simply by virtue … being a human person. of

№ 973

The European Convention … Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was created under the

auspices of the Council of Europe. on

№ 974

There are … number of Protocols to the ECHR, not all of which the parties have yet agreed to be

bound by. A

№ 975

This decision was made … Art 12 of the ECHR. Under\by

№ 976

What is the party entitled … , if the other fails to keep the promise? to

№ 977

This contract comes … existence as soon as a job offer, oral or written, is accepted. into

№ 978

The notary is … public official who by state delegation attributes public certification to the documents

( contracts, deeds etc. ). a

№ 979

In Roman law the notarius was originally a slave or freedman who took notes … judicial proceedings. of

№ 980

The civil – law notary may be roughly described as a lawyer who specializes in the law relating … real

estate, sales, mortgages, but who is not allowed to appear in court. to

№ 981

The notary is a legal practitioner who draws … legal documents, attests deeds etc. up

№ 982

Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose … his or her property, and the results of his or her

intellectual and creative activity. of

№ 983

In the United States the term advocate has no special significance, being used interchangeably … such

terms as attorney, counsel, or lawyer. for

№ 984

In Ukraine the advocates act to ensure the right to a defense … accusation and to provide legal

assistance in deciding cases in courts and other state bodies. against

№ 985

The Bar is an advocacy profession and the Bar‟s right … audience in the higher court remains

unchanged. of

№ 986

International law stems … three main sources : treaties and international conventions, customs and

customary usage, and the generally accepted principles of law and equity. from

№ 987

International law regulates intercourse … nations in peacetime and provides methods for the

settlement of disputes by means other than war. among

№ 988

The Romans developed the idea of treatment aliens subject … Roman rule. to

№ 989

It is rather difficult to distinguish “generally accepted principles of law and justice” … customs. with

№ 990

The judgment is final and … appeal. without

№ 991

Courts contribute to social stability … resolving disputes in a civilized fashion. by

№ 992

… the end of last week they had resolved the dispute at last. at

№ 993

Substantive law determines … wide variety of matters – for example, what is required to form a

contract, what the difference is between larceny and robbery etc. a

№ 994

The President of Ukraine may be removed from the office by the Supreme Rada … the procedure of

impeachment, if he commits treason or other crime. under

№ 995

… the Traffic Law it is illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol. under

№ 996

Ukraine has become … full member of the United Nations since 1945. a

№ 997

48. The Prime Minister of Ukraine is appointed by the President of Ukraine … the consent of more

than one-half of the constitutional composition of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine. by

№ 998

49. Mr. Black was reported to have escaped from … prison.

№ 999

The parents used to repeat the phrase, “That was a murder … negligence, yes, yes …negligence. Our

son is a well – mannered human”. by

№ 1000

It is very important that … law and … order should be maintained when the country is at war.

№ 1001

Combating … crime is considered one of the primary tasks of the Police Forces.

№ 1002

Mr. Glue, a sixty – four year old American, was happy to have been on … jury service for so many

times. a

№ 1003

If you are selected a juryman, you should perform your jury service in … good faith.

№ 1004

When a Bill has passed … all its parliamentary stages, it is sent to the Queen. through

№ 1005

The judge makes decisions based on … evidence presented. the

№ 1006

57. The day-to-day work of dealing summarily with minor local criminal cases is carried out in

magistrates courts, presided … by a full – time, legally qualified resident magistrate. over

№ 1007

… summary procedure, the sheriff may impose prison sentences of up to three months, or a fine of 5,

000 pounds. under

№ 1008

Some people, such as police officers, lawyers and doctors, are exempt … jury service. from

№ 1009

In UK, anyone who is arrested or held … custody, or who appears before a court, can get free advice

and assistance. in

№ 1010

When you arrive … court, find out exactly where the hearing will be held and let the clerk know you

will be attending the hearing. at

№ 1011

The task of the jury is to consider the evidence and then reach … verdict of “guilty” or “not guilty”. the

№ 1012

Police officers may be requested to assist if a contempt … court situation occurs. of

№ 1013

If you have been a victim of a crime, you will normally be asked to give the police … statement. a

№ 1014

The law students were asked to write an assay “Peculiarities of Punishment of Minors” pursuant …

Ukrainian Criminal Law. to

№ 1015

What kinds of relief from criminal liability are provided … by the Criminal Code of Ukraine?for

№ 1016

Highwaymen are thought … as holding a pistol and saying “Stand and deliver!” to

№ 1017

The pillaging and robbing of valuable artistic works has been a problem … ancient times. since

№ 1018

Extortion in English Criminal law is the obtaining of a benefit … physical force. by

№ 1019

In America the organization “Mothers Against Drunk Driving” has done much to bring people‟s

attention … the problem and encourage state and federal government to make stronger laws against it.to

№ 1020

Jails hold people accused of crimes or people convicted … the least serious crimes. of

№ 1021

Children shall be equal in their rights regardless … their origin, as well as whether they are legitimate

or illegitimate. of

№ 1022

The state protects the rights of the consumers and performs oversight … the quality and safety of

products and all the services. of

№ 1023

Every person is required to obey the Constitution of Ukraine and laws of Ukraine, not to encroach …

rights and freedoms, honour and dignity of other people. upon

№ 1024

Crimes that can result … a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. in

№ 1025

Too often the crime of domestic violence is hidden … . away

№ 1026

Everybody sees the need … fight against terrorism and its financing in the world. For\of

№ 1027

The major causes of delinquency in various countries are related … each nation‟s economic and social

environment. to

№ 1028

For Great Britain, Magna Carta is … statute Number One.)

№ 1029

The Bill prohibited the monarch … levying the taxes or customs duties without Parliament consent. from

№ 1030

Protection … arbitrary imprisonment by the Writ of habeas corpus is not found in continental Europe.from

№ 1031

Interpreters, under oath, provide language interpretation for the court on … behalf of a non-English

speaking party or witness.

№ 1032

The origin of the British police lies … early tribal history and is based on customs for securing order

through the medium of appointed representatives. in

№ 1033

Ignorance of the law shall not exempt … legal liability. from

№ 1034

The establishment and activity of political parties and public associations are prohibited if their

programme, goals or actions are aimed … the liquidation of the independence of Ukraine. at

№ 1035

Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose … his or her property, and the results of his or her

intellectual and creative activity. of

№ 1036

Citizens who belong to national minorities are guaranteed in accordance … the law the right to receive instruction in their native language. with

№ 1037

The state ensures the preservation of historical monuments and takes measures to return to Ukraine the cultural treasures of the nation, that are located … its borders. Beyong\withing

№ 1038

The Government of Ukraine … the limits of its competence issues resolutions and orders which are

obligatory for execution. withing

№ 1039

Draft laws … introducing amendments to the Constitution are also the object of direct constitutional

control.

№ 1040

The Constitutional Court of Ukraine may establish … availability of gaps in a legal regulation. the

№ 1041

This law is considered to have been in … effect since 2007.

№ 1042

To be at … large or in prison meant nothing to these kids without a parental care.

№ 1043

New Zealand is … sovereign, independent state and member of the Commonwealth. a

№ 1044

In New Zealand the executive power is vested … a Governor-General, representing the Crown, and a

Cabinet and Prime Minister. in

№ 1045

I am no judge of people, but I feel he was not right to abstain … voting. from

№ 1046

What concept do you associate … the term “civil society” ? with

№ 1047

The Bush administration declared a war on terrorism, with the stated goals of bringing Osama bin

Laden and al-Qaeda … justice and preventing the emergence of other terrorist networks. to

№ 1048

Americans provide a lot of financial support to people in need … charities or government programmes, they expect that help to be short-lived. through

№ 1049

Article 46 of the Convention imposes … states the obligation to execute all final judgements in any

case to which they are parties. on

 

 

 




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