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Розділ 3 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate grammar form(s)



22.

#1. If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddenly (.3..) .... the accident wouldn’t have happened

#2. We heard the witness (..4.) ///.... mentioning the most important fact

#3. The members of the law society heard his name (.8..) .... being mentioned by the chairman several times

#4. I wouldn’t be so happy now if (.2..) ... I hadn’t got this invitation at last.

#5. When she entered the courtroom (..1.) ... the judge was reading the verdict

23.

#1. Why can’t you go to the club to celebrate the Lawyer’s Day? – Because I’m busy (.10..) ... writing an essay on US Constitution. I am to hand it in on Monday

#2. As far as I know she can go the club to celebrate the Lawyer’s Day. She (.1..) ... must have written her essay. She is sure to hand it in on Monday

#3. She is not at the party in the club. She (.6..) ... may be still writing her essay to hand it in on Monday

#4. It was stupid of her not (.2..) ... to have written her essay in the library yesterday. There was plenty of material there

#5. She wished she (.5..) ... had written her essay in the library yesterday. There was plenty of material there

24.

#1. By the time the police arrive the burglars (.1..) ... will have run away

#2. Though the policemen were dead tired they kept on (4...) investigating the house in search of fingerprints and other evidence

#3. The burglar’s alarm got activated and the burglars ought (.2..) ... to have escaped from the crime scene but they were attacked by the dog

#4. The policemen were dead tired yesterday, you (..3.) … might have investigated the scene of the crime yourself

#5. The policemen were dead tired yesterday, but they (..8) ... had investigated the scene of the crime

25.

#1. I didn’t have to wait long for the inspector as when I came the last witness (.10..) ... was being examined

#2. The inspector has not come yet. He may (.3..) ... be still interrogating the witnesses

#3. The inspector is very busy today as there are plenty of accident’s witnesses (5...) ... to be examined by him

#4. The inspector is busy talking with the witnesses of the bank robbery. He is said (.1..) ... to have been examining them since morning

#5. If all the witnesses had come for the interrogation (допит) yesterday the inspector (..9.) ... would have examined them

26.

#1. Yesterday the victim was found in the yard (.3..) ... being murdered

#2. The victim is said (.2..) ... to have been murdered 5 hours ago

#3. The police would like to see the missed child (.6 ..) /// ... found already.

#4. It’s midnight already and the missed child (.5..) ... can’t be still playing with his friends in the yard

#5. The suspect couldn’t commit the crime himself, he (.4..) ... must have had an accomplice

27.

#1. If you don’t cross at a zebra-crossing you risk (.5..) ... being knocked down by a car

#2. Yesterday I heard an awful scream (різкий звук) and saw a car (.7..) ... knock down a girl

#3. Before the driver put on the brakes (гальма) his car (..2.) ... had knocked down a girl already.

#4. The crowd of people gathered on the street. The driver must (.1..) … have knocked down a girl

#5. The girl didn’t notice the red light and was lucky not (…3) ... to have been knocked down by a car

28.

#1. The student said that having written his course paper in Legal Studies he (..5.) ... was to discuss it with his professor in law the following day.

#2. The student has just finished writing his course paper in Legal Studies, he (.3..) ... is to discuss it with the teacher tomorrow

#3. When you see Jane tomorrow she will be reading the same academic journal (.10..) ... that she has borrowed from the university library

#4. Kate appears (7...) ... to have worked hard on her course paper she looks very pale (блідий)

#5. This course paper (.2..) ... seems to be the best of all I’ve read today

29.

#1. She wouldn’t have been injured (.)9... if she had been wearing a seat-belt (пасок безпеки

#2. Seeing that the bus was rather far from him Nick decided not to catch it because (.6..) .. the driver would drive off before he reached it

#3. After all the passengers got on the bus (.3..) ... the driver drove off

#4. I decided to go to the country by car right after (відразу після) (..8.) ... having received my driving license

#5. He may drive his car after (.1..) ... he has received his driving license

30.

#1. What would you do if (...4) ... your car were stolen one day?

#2. Some people noticed him (…8) ... stealing the car

#3. George wonders whether (.9..) ... you have taken his bicycle without asking for his permission

#4. When the fire brigade arrived (.6..). ... the whole building had been on fire

#5. The parents were enjoying the film while (.1..). ... their children were playing with the matches

31.

#1. If he had been more attentive while driving (.2..) ... he wouldn’t have had any accident

#2. When Jack is silent too long his mother may suspect (..4.) ... that he has done something wrong and wants to hold back the information about it

#3. After the little boy had kept silent for some time his mother suspected (..3.) ... that he had done something wrong and wanted to hold back (приховати) the information about it.+

#4. The suspect was released (9...) .... after he had agreed to surrender his passport

#5. Having arrested someone suspected of committing a crime, the police decide (.10..) ... if they have enough evidence to make a formal accusation.

32.

#1.The prisoner knew he had (7…) made a mistake and would regret it all his life

#2.The boy denied (6…) that he had had anything to do with the murder

#3.Suddenly someone shouted, “Thief!” and (8) /// the man disappeared

#4.Things started (9…) to go wrong

#5.The sign says that all shoplifters (…10) will be prosecuted

 

33.

#1. I decided to buy a burglar alarm (…3) after someone had broken into my house and stole my stereo

#2. When Alan was stopped outside the supermarket (4…) he ended up at the police station, charged with shoplifting.+

#3. As it was Ann's first offence she (5…) was let off with only a warning

#4. After climbing over the prison wall, Peter managed (…2) to get away by stealing a car parked nearly

#5. At the end of the trial Hilary was found (1…) guilty and sentenced to six months in prison.

 

34.

#1. The old people who live opposite (2…) !!! were taken in (обманені) by a salesman who cheated them out (виманити) of their money

#2. My neighbours admitted (признали) denting (вгнути) my car but got away (3…) with only $50 damages

#3. The bank at the end of the street was held (4…) up by two masked men last week

#4. Nobody saw Jack cheating and he got away (5…) with it, although everyone suspected what had happened

#5. The hijackers took fifteen people (1…) hostage and demanded $1,000,000 from the authorities

 

35.

#1. This was one of the few crimes he (…3) had not committed

#2. The hijackers are still holding twenty people (1…) hostage on the plane

#3. He was charged (2…) with a breach of currency (обіг валюти) regulations.

#4. The man jumped out of the window (4…) and committed suicide

#5. The police said there was no sign (5…) of a forced entry (взлом) even though the house had been burgled

 

36.

#1.The thieves scattered the papers all over the room (…5) while they were searching for the money

#2. The police caught the thief (3…) red-handed

#3. He was arrested for trying to pass (4…) counterfeit (підроблені) notes at the bank

#4. Thieves got away (2…) /// with a haul of jewelery worth thousands of pounds

#5. The police asked if I thought I could (1…) identify the man who stole my car

 

37.

#1. When someone is sentenced to execution (смертна кара), (3…) he is killed as a legal punishment for a crime

#2. When someone is placed on a community (4…) the court requires an offender to perform unpaid work in his spare time and to contribute to his community

#3.When someone is sentenced to imprisonment (5…) he is put in prison for a crime

#4. When someone is put on parole (під чесне слово), (1…) he is released before his prison sentence is finished

#5.When someone is put on probation (випробування), (2…) he is given a period of time when service order he must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison

 

38.

#1. Rising poverty (бідність) in US cities has led (3…) to a rise in a gun crime

#2. Anti-social behaviour (4…) adversely (негативно) affects the communities we live in

#3. Knife crime mostly (5…) impacts young men

#4. White collar (клерк) crime (1…) has an impact on the whole economy

#5. Fraud (шахрайство) has a big impact (вплив) (2…) on older people, as they sometimes lose their life savings

 

39.

#1. Refugees (біженці) are known (9…) to have fled from their own countries

#2.The court made him (10…) pay damages

#3.Death penalty is unlikely (2…) to be abolished

#4.The Head of the Supreme Council is likely (6…) to prorogue in a week

#5. We believe human rights (3…) not to be violated

40.

#1. If there were no laws in the society (7…) many innocent people would languish in prisons

#2. If the police had held the suspect (6…) he wouldn't have committed another serious crime

#3. It is necessary for you (8…) to learn this lecture in civil law

#4. If the barrister had given enough evidence (9…) the defendant wouldn't have been sentenced

#5. I wish the trial (10…) had been fair and unbiased

 

41.

#1. Common Law system is different (7…) from Continental system

#2. When the professor entered the room (8…) the students were giving the definitions of the terms “equity” and “statute”

#3. The judge will have passed the sentence (6…) by five o'clock tomorrow

#4. The European Convention on Human Rights is known 10to have been adopted by many countries in 1950

#5. This judge is said (9…) to be fair and unbiased

 

1.

#1. The trial was expected (.5..) to start on Monday

#2. Yesterday the courtroom (.4..) was full of newspapermen

#3. I thanked the solicitor for (.7..) preparing the case for the trial

#4. The solicitor had to prepare the case yesterday, (.2..) didn't he?

#5. The solicitor looked tired as if he (.1..) had prepared all the documents already

2.

#1. I've just bought the textbooks (..8.) written by well-known professors in civil law

#2. I wondered if that textbook (.5..) had been written by Prof. Rabinovych

#3. The bought textbook on the theory of state and law (.1..) was written last year

#4. At this time tomorrow I (.4..) shall be writing my course paper in civil law

#5. I wish I were a university professor and (.6..) could write new textbooks in law

3.

#1. We wrote an appeal to the Court of Appeals (..4.) two days ago

#2.I was writing an appeal (.5..) from 5 till 7 yesterday

#3. Having written the appeal (.8..) … I checked it carefully

#4. The lawyer made me (.1..) write an appeal to a higher court

#5. I wish (.7..) ... I were not so busy writing the appeal now

4.

#1. Ann has been studying (.7..) for three hours. She may be very tired

#2.Ann had been studying (.5..) ... for three hours before we came

#3. Ann is very clever. We believe she will be able (..8.) ... to study law at Oxford University

#4. Ann always studies in the evening and what about you? (..2.) ... So do I

#5. Ann is proud of (.1..) ... studying law at Oxford University

5.

#1. While I was checking my e-mail (.8..) ... he was translating the text on the US court system

#2. I wanted him (.1..) ... to translate this article about current elections

#3. If he is not busy tomorrow (.7..) ... he will help you to translate the article about elections

#4. The article will have been translated (..3.) ... by the time you come.

#5. If he had worked very hard (.5..) ... he would have translated these texts from Legal English textbook without any mistakes.

6.

#1. When I entered the courtroom (.5..) ... the judge was explaining how the trial would be conducted.

#2. If you had asked your lawyer yesterday (.6..) ... he would have explained you that article of the Criminal Code.

#3. As soon as he comes (.7..) ... I'll explain everything to him

#4. The prosecutor made (.1..) ... the witness explain everything to the jury

#5. The judge had been explaining every witness his/her rights (.3..) since the cross examination began.

7.

#1. I have already passed the Bar Final examination, and what about you? (.5..) ... So have I.

#2. I'm not sure (…7) ... whether he will be able to pass the professional exam

#3. We shall be passing our Law Society Final examination (.4..) ... at this time tomorrow

#4. He said (.2..) ... he had passed all the professional examinations

#5. If you had worked harder last term (.6..) ... you wouldn't have failed the exam. Shame on you!

8.

#1. If the librarian (бібліотекар) comes the students (.3..) )... will be able to borrow the books from the library

#2. The lecturers made the students (.4..) ).... borrow all the books in their subjects from the library.

#3. The law students are looking forward to (.7..) ).... borrowing the textbooks in law from the academic library

#4. Usually the books (.5..) )... are borrowed by the students at the beginning of a term

#5. By the beginning of the academic year all the necessary textbooks (.8..) )... had been borrowed by the students.

9.

#1. She can (.5..) ... correct all the mistakes in her course paper herself

#2. I wondered (.8..) ... who had corrected all the mistakes in his course paper

#3. In the evening while I was preparing for the seminar (.2..) ... she was correcting mistakes in the final draft of her course paper.

#4. All the mistakes (.7..) ... were corrected by the teacher.

#5. If you made a mistake (.3..) ... the teacher would correct it.

10.

#1. If I were you (.6..) … I should act differently

#2. We wondered (.7..) … how he was progressing in his new job in the law department of a large commercial enterprise

#3. As soon as you read materials of this case (.1..) give them back to me

#4. If he had read the materials of this case (.2..) ... he would have given them back to you

#5. She had been in that job of a solicitor for ten years (.5..) … before she left it last year

11.

#1. They accused me (3…) of shoplifting

#2. Our next door neighbour was arrested (.1..) for shoplifting

#3. Three people have been charged (4…) with theft

#4. She denied (5…) stealing the clothes

#5. I doubt whether (2…) she's guilty

 

12.

#1. I caught glimpse (8…) (побачити на мить) of someone shoplifting

#2. My friends made me (6…) steal something from the shop

#3. She says she was made (7…) to steal something from the shop

#4. It is illegal for (5…) someone to steal something from the shop

#5. It is necessary (4…) that witnesses should tell the truth in court

 

13.

#1. All twelve members of the jury were convinced (впевнені) (8...) of the defendant's guilt.

#2. I don't think I'd ever (3…) commit a serious crime

#3. A psychiatrist was called (.4..) as an expert witness during the trial

#4. Everyone should have the right (5...) to a fair trial

#5. If you break the law, you deserve (заслуговувати) (.7..) to be punished

 

14.

#1. Governments must be allowed (5...) to introduce and change the laws

#2. Can you imagine what it's like (.7..) !!! to be imprisoned for years in a cell?

#3. It's very important that justice (.1..) !!! is seen to be done.

#4. Another phrase for “capital punishment” (.2..) is “ the death sentence”.

#5. The spy was sentenced (.4..) to life imprisonment

15.

#1. A number of bystanders (очевидці) watched the robbers (.2..) speed off in a stolen car

#2. 'Silence in court! shouted (5…) the judge angrily

#3. The jury found her not (..6.) guilty of all charges

#4. If the police feel sure a person is guilty (.7..) they charge that person with a crime

#5. To take someone to court (.1..) means to prosecute someone

 

16.

#1.Should a murderer (2…) be given a death penalty?+

#2.The judge gave us permission (5…) to call a surprise witness

#3.We don't know who was (7…) at fault yet, but we'll find out

#4.We need prisons in order to keep society (8…) safe from dangerous criminals

#5.Many people are taking advantage (1…) of the change in the tax law

17.

#1.I am not sure (2…) that sending young offenders to prison is such a good idea

#2.There is absolutely no solid (твердий) (3…) proof (доказ) that he was near the scene of the crime

#3. You shouldn't make accusations like that (8…) without evidence

#4.When he left the police force, he worked (5…) as a private investigator for a while

#5.I hope that your imprisonment has shown (1…) you the error of your deeds

18.

#1. I am not saying another word (2…) !!! until I have spoken to my lawyer

#2. Lying and stealing are both forms (7…) of dishonesty

#3.There is no doubt this painting (8…) is a forgery

#4. Drug addiction is no excuse (6…) for holding up (пограбування) a petrol-station

#5. The conviction of a number of senior executives (1…) has left the whole business community in shock

 

19.

#1.The problem with prisons is that they are full (…4) of criminals who can teach new inmates all their tricks and skills

#2.Luckily, the bomb disposal (видалення) squad (група) defused (зняти детонатор) the bomb (…5) !!! before it went off.

#3.Nobody was convinced when the man claimed (2…) the gun had gone off (вистрілила) accidentally in his hand.

#4.The policewoman started to take down (записувати) everything (3…) !!! I was saying and I knew I was in serious trouble

#5.Brown was found guilty (1…)of holding up the bank and was sentenced to five years in prison

20.

#1. The policeman decided to let John (…5) off this time, but told him that he wouldn't be so lucky next time

#2.Some countries have (…3) such strict laws that people protest against them

#3.The witness thought (8…) I was the thief but realised that she was wrong

#4.Mr. Brown knows common-law system better (6…) than anybody else

#5.There have been so many robberies (4…) lately that people are becoming afraid

 

 

Розділ 3 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate grammar form(s).

 

244. . A lot of police officers want to discuss this case including detective Johnson who ……2….. with his inexperienced assistant.

2) has arrived

 

102. They are still discussing how the case should progress in view of the statements which …1………. .

1) have been

103. No one will be able to steal the jewels unless they ……2……. the secret code.

 

2) know

 

104. Even though he objected to (заперечувати, противитись) violence, he was made ……3….. in the army.

3) to serve

 

105. It is high time the judge ……2…… his decision.

2) made 3

 

106. Great Britain is known to be a member of the European Union and …1…. a great contribution to its development.///

1) make

 

107. It was under inauspicious (несприятливі) circumstances that the Constitution of the United States …4… .+++

4) was drawn up

 

252. The Constitution ………receving……… 26 times since 1789, and it is likely to be further revised in the future.!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

109. According to the Constitution of the USA any candidate can be elected President without ……5……. a majority of the popular vote.

5) being received

 

110. Elections ……3………last month returned the Republicans to power.

3) held 4

 

111. The accuser’s neighbour complained that the offender ……2……… insults at him, and a charge was laid.

2) had shouted

 

112. Statutes may also clarify an area of law that …4……… unclear by the case law.

4) has been left

 

113. Statutes often need interpreting and these interpretations ……2……. to the statutes in turn become part of the law.

2) given

 

114. Gradually, it became the practice of the judges to follow decisions made in earlier cases if the same or similar facts ……4….. .

4) were involved

 

115. A person cannot be denied life, liberty, or security of the person unless the principles of fundamental justice ……3….. +++

Are followed

 

116. In most cases community treatment involves ……2……….. the child on probation.

2) placing 3

 

117. There should be no sanction without breach (порушення) meaning that nobody should be punished by the state unless they ……3…… a law.

3) broke

 

118. A judge must follow decisions ………2……… in courts which are higher up the hierarchy than his or her own.

2) made

 

119. Since the middle years of the twentieth century, the police in Britain …3……. much of their positive image.

1 3) have lost

 

120. The police declined to criticize the guard’s actions noting that he could have been killed if the robbers ……4….. him.

4) had seen 5

 

121. A person who does not disclose (виявляти) that an offence ……2……… in his or her presence or who does not assist in committing a crime, is not an accomplice.

2) has been committed

 

122 Although he was a very experienced lawyer, he seemed ………3 ……. a great mistake at the last trial.

3) to have made 4

 

123. Before ……3…….. the preliminary (попередній) inquiries the accused has a right to present evidence and to make a statement on his own behalf.

3) holding 4

 

124. After …2. guilty, he appealed the decision of the court to the province’s Court of Appeal.

2) being found 3

 

125. Once the court ……3……… the evidence and statements, it will decide whether to convict (засудити) the accused or dismiss (відхилити) the information.

3) has heard 4

 

126. The court has …1……. a decision whether the public interests require a prosecution.

1) to make

 

127. The Speaker believes that the Parliament doesn’t submit bills concerning human rights, for consideration today unless they …3……. by international specialists.

examined 3) have been examined 4

 

271. Ukraine was among the first twenty states ……2……the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.///

2) to have ratified

 

129. A new court system of general and specialized jurisdiction is ……3…..within five tears.

3) to be formed 4

 

130. Women often suffer economic and social inequality either doing less well-paid work than men or ……2…. less for doing the same work.

2) being paid 3)

 

131. If he had had no idea that he was delivering drugs, he …3… innocent of any wrongdoing.

3) would have been 4

 

132. There are court decisions which ……4………that a person can be reckless even though he or she did not foresee (передбачати) the possibility of a harmful consequence (наслідків).

Have said

 

133. When they came back, their friend……3……. up by the police for b eing drunk in public.

3) had been picked

 

134. In all serious cases, arrested persons are photographed and fingerprinted before …2... .

2) being charged

 

135. All accused persons have the right to defend themselves in court but in serious cases most prefer ……1……. by a legal practitioner.

1) to be represented g

 

136. He can’t ………3……….. this crime, he was in prison at that time.

3) have committed 4

 

137. The police asked me to help them identify some thieves. They thought I had seen them ……2……… the bank.

2) rob

 

138. The jurors had been considering this matter for three hours before they …3…….to this decision.

3) came

 

139. She saw that sending to prison for five years ……1…… him nothing.

1) had taught

 

140. This decision is made on the recommendation of the officer in charge of the case after charges….1…. .

Have been made

 

141. The USA is known ……3…….. one of the most democratic societies in the world.

3) to have established 4

 

142. The new law provided new rights to people and ……2…. on the laws of the European Union.

2) was based

 

143. If he hadn’t given evidence then, the police ……3………… this dangerous criminal.

3) wouldn’t have arrested 4

 

144. When the police examined the house they found that the lock …3……… .

3) had been broken 4

 

145. Attempts have been made to codify Ukrainian law but so far there …4……. little progress.

4) has been 5)

 

146. Every labor function has its own distinctions and this …3….. legally in the labor contract.

3) is reflected

 

147. The lawyer thought that his client should sue the police because he …2…… without any evidence.

2) had been accused

 

148. Until recently, members of the parliament …3………… on a single-member constituency, the system similar to those of Britain and the USA.

3) have been elected

 

149. The American people may adopt an entirely new Constitution by …3……. a new constitutional Convention.

3) calling 4)

 

150. Without his help, the police might not ……1………. this criminal.

1) have arrested

 

151. When initially detained (затриманий) he …………2………. on bail yesterday.

2) was released 3

 

152. The prosecutor……3……to this trial with Mr. Willis.

3) is satisfied to have been 4

 

153. ..2……beforehand (заздалегідь), he did not commit a crime.+++

2) having been cautioned 3)

 

154. Some countries have laws that suspend (зупиняти) rape (згвалтування) sentences (вирок) if the perpetrator (зловмисник) …4. the victim.

4) marries 5

 

155. My friend said we ………5……………to win the next trial.

5) would be able

 

156. The young smuggler……2…………to court.

2) is said/to have been brought 3

 

157. …4…… practical results the criminologist proved the method of investigation to be correct.

4) having achieved 5)

 

158. If we were rich we ……1……… to help those poor people in the law case.

1) would have offered 2

 

159. Authorities in New Mexico……3…… to admit they ……3…to death four white men who were innocent.

3) were forced/had sentenced4

 

160.This investigator ……4……………to have completed his job before he left.

4) ought 5

 

304. They considered that law………4…………………in that country.///

Should be abolished

 

162. ……………2………… the offender the officer cautioned him not to drive too fast.

Releasing

 

163. The Crown Prosecution……5………. in England and Wales by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985.

5) was established

 

164. If the detective found the trace (сліди, відбитки) of the suspect he…5…….about it to the police station.

5) would inform

 

308. The option contract ………3………….. the holder of the option the right to buy or to sell a specified quantity of a specific security (цінні папери) at a stated price.

3) shell give 4

 

166. ……………4…………… crimes the police performs its main function.

4) preventing

 

167. Charter ………………4……….by later English Kings.

4) was confirmed 5

 

168. If there are no near relatives the surviving spouse (дружина\чоловік) …3…….. the whole estate (майно).

3) gets 4

 

169. A local authority……5 …….responsible for deciding where the child should be accommodated (поміщені).///

5) is known/to be

 

170. They said the lady …………4……… in prison which simply wasn’t true.+++

4) had been

 

314.див.153 ……………2……………… of an offence he was detained.///

Having been suspected

172. The first defendant who was from the London area, …3…………. the correct answer.

3) didn’t give 4

 

173The prosecutor is satisfied ……4………… in this case with Mr. Huge for two months.

4) to have been working

 

174. The principal offender …………2…………….. to shoot him if he did not help him lure (заманити)the victim into meeting them in the victim’s apartment lobby.

2) threatened (погрожував) 3

 

175. Under a supervision order a child……5…….. with directions made by the court itself.

 




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