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When emotionally neutral



  • Nuckeus:LF, LR
  • Heads:low, falling
  • Pre-heads:low
  • Pitch:patterns are narrowed

When more excited

  • Nucleus:HF, HR, RF
  • Scales:stepping, sliding
  • Pre-heads:higher
  • Pitch:patterns are widened
  • Accidental risesare often in use

Prosody and Punctuation

Prosody (Intonation)is a complex unity of sentence stress, rhythm, tempo, speech melody and voice timbre. Each syllable in a sense group is pronounced on a certain pitch level and bears a definite amount of loudness. Pitch movements are inseparably connected with loudness; together with the tempo of speech they form intonation patterns. Intonation patterns serve to actualize sense groups.

 

Prosody

The systematic study of versification which covers the principles of metre, rhythm, rhyme and stanza forms; or a particular system of versification. In linguistics the term is applied to patterns of stress and intonation in ordinary human speech. Prosody in the literary sense is also known as metrics.

 

.

Suprasegmenatal phenomenon of sound

 

5 basic parameters:

pausation

pitch-movement

tempo

loudness = the attribute of a sound that determines the magnitude of the auditory sensation produced and that primarily depends on the amplitude of the sound wave involved

diapason

Full stop -lowest part of diapason and the end of the glide down into two completely different ways

LF –completeness

HF –statement with special emotional coloring

Comma - most troublesome punctuation mark.

  • Pronounciation of a sent of any length without commas
  • The pauses are the shortest
  • LR
  • Nature of grammatical relation

Semi-column - parts are not fully independent, but convey diff ideas.

  • Falling tone
  • Pauses are longer
  • Falling tone before
  • 1st w after is never pron-d in high level
  • link bw 2 diff ideas in 1 sent
  • smth diff but relevant

Column - immediately following ideas

  • Begin on high level as if a new sent
  • Pause is shorter than in full stop
  • Enumerate or repeat

 

Dash - a break in the narration or thought

· Rephrasing or summarizing

· Add an after thought

· Indicate that sent is unfinished

· Sudden break in a line

· Emphatic pause

· Sudden change in pitch

Indented line

At the beginning of a new paragraph (at the end vice verse):

  1. Longest pause
  2. pitch is lower
  3. tempo is increased slightly
  4. loudness is diminished

Double quotes

- Long pause

- Higher loudness

- Lower tempo

Single quotes

  1. Unnoticeable pause
  2. Down loudness
  3. Down tempo

 

 

Brackets – additional information

3) Low pitch level

4) Lower loudness

5) Higher tempo

6) No pause

 

Double commas – insertions

  1. Rise tone before
  2. Fall tone after
  3. Level tone

 

Double dashes - prosodically important information

A pause to draw attention

No increase of loudness

 

 




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