Translate the sentences paying attention on italicized words

1. Hardware means the different types of equipment a com­puter consists of.

2. A computer’s hardware comprises a central processing unit (CPU) which is the heart and brain of the computer.

3. Input and output devices capable of putting information into a computer and getting it out of it are types of peripheral equip­ment. Peripherals are the units connected to the CPU: input de­vices, output devices and storage devices.

4. The simplest and most common type of input device is a key­board, containing a typewriter keyboard.

5. A laser printer is a kind of output device to print information.

6. Software means the programs needed to operate computer equipment.

7. These programs are on disks, the hard disks inside the com­puter, or floppy disks, or on CD-ROMs, that is, Compact Disk Read Only Memory, which you can put on or store a large amount of information. A disk is a storage device made of flat circular plates with magnetizable surfaces. A hard disk is a disk made from a solid magnetic material and used as a storage device. A floppy disk (also called diskette) is a disk made of flexible plastic material upon which data are stored on magnetic tracks. Tracks are areas marked on the surface of a disk. A disk drive is the electronic mechanism that actually reads what is on a disk. In hard disks, the disk and the drive are built into a single unit.

8. A word processor is a computer used to write documents, let­ters and reports, or the software that is used for this purpose.

9. Databases are programs, which allow you to store, look at or change a large quantity of information quickly and easily.

10. Graphics are pictures and symbols a computer program can produce.

11. An extra copy on a floppy disk is called a back-up copy, a copy of data or software, usually kept in case the original disk is damaged or destroyed.

12. A bug possible in a computer operation, also a virus is a software problem or error in a program. Debugging means correct­ing program errors or bugs.

13. People send e-mail (electronic mail) messages with the help of the Internet, a system that lets computers connect by telephone lines.

14. A laptop is a portable computer weighing about 2—4 kg.

15. With a device called the mouse you can do a number of things by clicking on different icons.

16. A mouse is a small input device, on the top of which there are one or more buttons for communicating with the computer.

17. Clicking is a basic mouse action to place a cursor to close a window, etc.

18. An icon is a small picture representing an object, process or function.

VI. Retell the text

Unit III.

I. Read and translate the text.

A computer system

A computer system is a collection of components that work to process data. The purpose of a computer system is to make it as easy as possible for you to use computer to solve problems. A functioning computer system combines hardware elements with software elements. The hardware elements are the mechanical are the programs written for the system. Collectively these components provide a complete computer system.

Usually, a computer system requires three basic hardware items: the central processor unit, which performs all data processing, a terminal device, which helps users to communicate with their computer system and a memory storing programs and data. These three devices are the required hardware components of any computer system. Computer system includes many other devices: a printer, a scanner and a modem. These computer devices called hard ware.

A set of instructions telling a computer what to do is a program. Programs are usually written in a Programming language like Pascal, C++. etc. Applications are programs for specific tasks. Applications include: database software, spreadsheets calculations, word-processing on a word processor. To function hardware and software, a computer needs an operation system program. Some operation system require users to type in commands to tell the computer what to do. Many computers use a graphical interface or point-and-click interface such as Windows.

Some interface allow plug-and-play, the possibility of connecting new hardware of the computer without having to adjust or configure the system to take the new hardware into account: the interface program recognize the hardware automatically.

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