Guess the meaning of the underlined words.

Unit I.

I. Read and translate the text.

Information system

Information system, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for delivering information, knowledge, and digital products. Business firms and other organizations rely on information systems to carry out and manage their operations, interact with their customers and suppliers, and compete in the marketplace. For instance, corporations use information systems to reach their potential customers with targeted messages over the Web, to process financial accounts, and to manage their human resources. Governments deploy information systems to provide services cost-effectively to citizens. Digital goods, such as electronic books and software, and online services, such as auctions and social networking, are delivered with information systems. Individuals rely on information systems, generally Internet-based, for conducting much of their personal lives: for socializing, study, shopping, banking, and entertainment.

The 6 components that must come together in order to produce an information system are:

1. Hardware: The term hardware refers to machinery. This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of its support equipment. Among the support equipment are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices.

2. Software: The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the system to function in ways that produce useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input / output medium, often a disk or tape.

3. Data: Data are facts that are used by programs to produce useful information. Like programs, data are generally stored in machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them.

4. Procedures: Procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. "Procedures are to people what software is to hardware" is a common analogy that is used to illustrate the role of procedures in a system.

5. People: Every system needs people if it is to be useful. Often the most over-looked element of the system is the people, probably the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems. This includes "not only the users, but those who operate and service the computers, those who maintain the data, and those who support the network of computers."

6. Feedback: it is another component of the IS, that defines that an IS may be provided with a feedback (Although this component isn't necessary to function).

Data is the bridge between Hardware and People. This means that the data we collect is only data, until we involve people. At that point, data is now information.

VII. Retell the text.

Unit II.

I. Read and translate the text.

Computers

Charles Babbage, a professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812. He couldn’t imagine the situation we find ourselves in today. Nearly everything we do in the world is helped, or even controlled by computers, the complicated descendants of his simple machine.

Computers are used more and more often in the world today, for the simple reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. These machines have much better memories and they can store much information.

No man alive can do 500000 sums in one second, but a computer can. In fact, computers can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can predict weather, and ever play chess, write poetry or compose music.

The use of computers. Just as television has extended human sight across the barriers of time and distance, so the computers extend the power of the human mind across the existing barriers.

Computers in medicine. Computers are one of great importance in modern hospital. The chief use of computers is the storing and sorting the medical knowledge which has been enquired in the last 50 years. No doctor can keep up with all discoveries. The only solution of the problem is store medical knowledge in a computer. Today there are medical computer centers were all existing knowledge of symptoms of various dressiness and of their treatment is stored. Doctors feed data on symptoms in the computer and get the necessary information on correct diagnostics and treatment.

Computers that can be learn. Ordinary computer can remember only the data stored in the hard disk. Now scientists have designed machines that are capable of learning from experience and remembering what they have learned. Such a machine is capable of recognizing objects without human help or control. Of course, they made many mistakes.

There is another similar machine which can look at letter alphabet simple words and they “say” thought a loudest speaker what it has seen. The machine has as certain learning power.

Computers at the school. Information science with the ideas and message of processing and storing in formations is of great importance today. That’s why computer technology must be told in secondary school. The new subject “basic information science”, and “computing machine” was introduce for the signer forms at schools. The pupils teach computers to investigate school problems. Contact with the machine increases the interest in learning, makes them more serious about studding new subject. School computers are used not only for studding information science, but also examinations purposes. Young people who finish the school must be trained to operate computers.

Active vocabulary

calculate (v) – вычислить – есептеп шығару

ourselves (pron) – самостоятельно – өзбетімен

necessary (adj) – необходимый – қажетті

recognize (v) – признавать – тану

designed (past paticiple) – разработанный – жасалған

efficient (adj) – эффективный – әсерлі

descendant (n) – потомок – ұрпақ

human (adj) – человеческий – адамдық

processing (n) – обработка – өңдеу

examination (n) – экспертиза – сараптама

trained (past paticiple) – обученный – үйретілген

increase (v) – увеличивать – ұлғайту

machine (n) – машина (механизм) – машина

mistake (n) – ошибка – қате

interest (n) – интерес – қызығушылық

serious (adj) – серьезный – маңызды

operate (v) – работать – жұмыс істеу

discovery (n) – открытие – ашу

message (n) – сообщение – хабарлама

Reading

Read the text.

Guess the meaning of the underlined words.

3. Define true and false sentences:

(a) The first calculating machine was invented in 1858.

(b) Computer was invented by Charles Babbage.

(c) Computer can do 500 000 sums in one second.

(d) Any doctor can keep up with all discoveries.

(e) Young people who finish the school must be trained to operate tractors.

(f) The pupils teach computers to investigate school problems.

(g) Computers do not play any role in modern hospitals.

Speaking

1. Answer the following questions:

(a) What role does computer play in your life?

(b) How often do you use computer?

(c) Can you call yourself as “an Internet user”?

(d) In what sphere do computers use widely?

(e) Could a person keep the endless information in his head?

(f) Do you think that in the future computer can replace a person?

(g) What advantages of a computer do you know?

(h) Who invented the first calculated machine?

(i) How do you imagine our life without computers?

2. Ask your partner questions about:

(a) Computers; (b) Information science; (c) scientists; (d) medical computer centers; (e) Charles Babbage; (f) school problems.

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