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Text for pragmatic analysis. Alice: How long are you going to be at the service station?



Alice: How long are you going to be at the service station?

Jeff: I don’t know for sure. Not long if they are not busy. Maybe an hour.

Alice: Could you drop me off at the department store? I want to look at some shoes

they advertised on sale.

Jeff: Sure thing. I’ll probably go over to the bowling alley to talk to Tim while

they’re fixing the car.

Alice: Where should I meet you then?

Jeff: I can pick you up in an hour and a half in front of the drugstore. Is that okay?

Alice:Fine with me. I’ll see you then.

 

Making a speech

The situation when the speaker faces the audience differs much from a relaxed everyday conversation. Even a fluent speaker may have problems with the choice of suitable vocabulary. He makes pauses more often, his tone groups are shorter, and he uses primarily ‘level’ tones (less emotional than ‘falling’ or ‘rising’ tones), because he has to plan the whole utterance out in advance. Cf.:

 

Several→ comMIttee members + have→ ALso expressed + WISH + to →STAND down + for one reason ...or→ aNOther...

When the speaker is in charge of conducting meetings, he has to control everything that happens. Making extensive use of ‘rising’ tones enables him to take on a role of a ‘dominant’ speaker. ‘Rising’ tones in such situations emphasise the fact that he hasn’t yet finished his speech, and is still holding the floor. Non-final ‘rising’ tone helps the listener understand it and act accordingly. Cf.:

 

Good EVening. + Good evening to one and ALL. + Welcome to our FEbruary meeting, + eh, welcome, ‘course, to→ OUR +... to our regular members and → aTTENdants.

 

Many meetings are routine , and the participants are aware of every following step; as nothing new is being said the speaker may use ‘referring tones’. Cf.:

 

Before I introduce toNIGHT’S speaker + there’s one important reMINder ...

 

Sometimes the speaker at a meeting prefers to be less authoritative, and he introduces a more sharing attitude, in which case he makes use of a ‘falling’ tone (or a ‘fall-rise’ tone). Cf.:

 

The treasurer TELLS me + that we must seriously → conSIder + increasing

subSRIPtions + not a HAppy ... + thing to suGGEST + at this time of the

YEAR.

 

On the other hand if the speaker wishes to give his listeners confidence in himself, he may choose a more authoritative (rising) tone.

 

I am SURE + you'll be able to do it quite NICEly

 

In informal conversations the speakers may exercise a dominant role for quite a long time to make his listeners feel secure. At the same time the dominant role may be shifted from one speaker to another. But it should not happen too often, otherwise, the communication might sound impatient, or even aggressive in many circumstances.

 

 

 




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