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Word-Meaning in Syntagmatics and Paradigmatics⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 30 из 30
§ 40. Polysemy and Context..................................................................................... 47 § 41. Lexical Context....................................................................... -................ 48 § 42. Grammatical Context................................................................................. 49 § 43. Extra-Linguistic Context (Context of Situation)........................................ 50 § 44. Common Contextual Associations. Thematic Groups..................................... 50 Meaning Relations in Paradigmatics and Semantic Classification of Words § 45. Conceptual (or Semantic) Fields............................................................... 51 § 46. Hyponymic (Hierarchical) Structures and Lexico-semantic Groups 53 § 47. Semantic Equivalence and Synonymy ...................................................... 55 § 48. Criteria of Synonymity.............................................................................. 57 § 49. Patterns of Synonymic Sets in Modern English.............................................. 58 § 50. Semantic Contrasts and Antonymy .......................................................... 59 § 51. Semantic Similarity of Morphemes and Word-Families.................................. 61 § 52. Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................. 62 III. WORD-GROUPS AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS Some Basic Features of Word-Groups § 1.Lexical Valency (Collocability).......................................................................... 64 § 2. Grammatical Valency ,....................................................................................... 66 Structure of Word-Groups § 3.Distribution as a Criterion of Classification....................................................... 67 Meaning of Word-Groups § 4.Lexical Meaning................................................................................................ 68 § 5. Structural Meaning............................................................................................ 69 § 6. Interrelation of Lexical and Structural Meaning in Word-Groups 69 Interdependence of Structure and Meaning in Word-Groups § 7. Syntactic Structure (Formula) and Pattern of Word-Groups ... 70 § 8. Polysemantic and Monosemantic Patterns ......................................................... 71 § 9. Motivation in Word-Groups............................................................................... 71 § 10, Summaryand Conclusions.............................................................................. 72 Phraseological Units §11. Free Word-Groups, Versus Set-Phrases. Phraseological Units, Idioms, Word-Equivalents............................................................................................ 74 § 12. Criteria of Stability and Lack of Motivation (Idiomaticity) ... 74 § 13. Classification..................................................................................................... 75 § 14. Some Debatable Points...................................................................................... 76 § 15. Criterion of Function.......................................................................................... 79 § 16. Phraseological Units and Idioms Proper............................................................ 80 § 17. Some Debatable Points............................................................................. 81 § 18. Criterion of Context........................................................................................... 82 § 19. Some Debatable Points...................................................................................... 83 § 20. Phraseology as a Subsystem of Language......................................................... 84 § 21. Some Problems of the Diachronic Approach..................................................... 86 § 22. Summary and Conclusions................................................................................ 88 IV. WORD-STRUCTURE § 1. Segmentation of Words into Morphemes ............................................................ 89 § 2. Principles of Morphemic Analysis. Types of Word Segmentability 89 § 3. Classification of Morphemes............................................................................... 92 § 4. Procedure of Morphemic Analysis ..................................................................... 94 § 5. Morphemic Types of Words ............................................................................... 95 § 6. Derivative Structure ............................................................................................ 95 § 7. Derivative Relations............................................................................................. 96 § 8. Derivational Bases........................................................................... . . 97 § 9. Derivational Affixes........................................................................................... 100 § 10. Semi-Affixes.................................................................................................... 102 § 11. Derivational Patterns.................................... ,.................................................. 103 § 12. Derivational Types of Words........................................................................... 104 § 13. Historical Changeability of Word-Structure .................................................... 105 § 14. Summary and Conclusions............................................................................... 106 V. WORD-FORMATION Various Ways of Forming Words § 1.Various Types and Ways of Forming Words..................................................... 108 § 2. Word-Formation. Definition» Basic Peculiarities .............................................. 109 § 3. Word-Formation as the Subject of Study . ........................................................ 111 § 4. Productivity of Word-Formation Means ........................................................... 112 § 5. Summary and Conclusions................................................................................. 114 Affixation § 6. Definition. Degree of Derivation. Prefixal and Suffixal Derivatives 114 § 7. Prefixation. Some Debatable Problems ............................................................. 115 § 8. Classification of Prefixes......................................................... ..... 117 § 9. Suffixation. Peculiarities of Some Suffixes................................................ 119 § 10. Main Principles of Classification ..................................................................... 120 § 11. Polysemy and Homonymy .............................................................................. 121 § 12. Synonymy........................................................................................................ 122 § 13. Productivity...................................................................................................... 123 § 14. Origin of derivational affixes............................................................................ 125 § 15. Summary and Conclusions................................................................ . 126 Conversion § 16. Definition.................................................................................................. 127 § 17. Synchronic Approach....................................................................................... 130 § 18. Typical Semantic Relations.............................................................................. 131 § 19. Basic Criteria of Semantic Derivation.............................................................. 133 § 20. Diachronic Approach of Conversion. Origin............................................ 136 § 21. Productivity. Traditional and Occasional Conversion. ...... 138 § 22. Conversion and Sound-(Stress-) Interchange.................................................. 139 § 23. Summary and Conclusions . . . ................................................................ 140 Word-Composition § 24. Compounding........................................................................................... 140 § 25. Structure.................................................................................................... 141 § 26. Meaning........................................................................................................... 143 § 27. Structural Meaning of the Pattern.................................................................... 144 § 28. The Meaning of Compounds. Motivation ....................................................... 145 § 29. Classification................................................................................................... 146 § 30. Relations between the ICs of Compounds....................................................... 146 § 31. Different Parts of Speech ................................................................................ 147 § 32. Means of Composition.............................................................................. 148 § 33. Types of Bases................................................................................................ 149 § 34. Correlation between Compounds and Free Phrases ........................................ 151 § 35. Correlation Types of Compounds ................................................................... 154 § 36. Sources of Compounds................................................................................... 158 § 37. Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................... 158 VI. ETYMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ENGLISH WORD-STOCK § 1.Some Basic Assumptions.................................................................................. 160 Words of Native Origin § 2. Semantic Characteristics and Collocability........................................................ 162 § 3. Derivational Potential.................................................................................. 162 § 4. Summary and Conclusions................................................................................ 164 Borrowings § 5. Causes and Ways of Borrowing........................................................................ 164 § 6. Criteria of Borrowings................................... . ■........................................... 165 § 7. Assimilation of Borrowings........................................................................ 166 § 8. Phonetic, Grammatical and Lexical Assimilation of Borrowings 167 § 9. Degree of Assimilation and Factors Determining It........................................... 170 § 10. Summary and Conclusions.............................................................................. 170 Interrelation between Native and Borrowed Elements § 11. The Role of Native and Borrowed Elements................................................... 171 § 12. Influence of Borrowings................................................................................. 172 § 13. Summary and Conclusions....................................................................... 175 VII. VARIOUS ASPECTS OF VOCABULARY UNITS AND REPLENISHMENT OF MODERN ENGLISH WORD-STOCK
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