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І. AIMS AND TYPES OF EDUCATION: A NEW VISIONСтр 1 из 24Следующая ⇒
Міністерство освіти і науки України Харківський національний університет Ім. В.Н. Каразіна
ВИЩА ОСВІТА: КОНТРАСТИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ
Посібник з усного мовлення
Харків 2007 І. AIMS AND TYPES OF EDUCATION: A NEW VISION
1. Learning is innate in human nature. The idea of education is integrated in people's minds, although the reasons why people want knowledge vary. Consider motivations listed below. Which of them would you rate as two most important and two least important for yourself? What other aims do you pursue, striving to get an education? Explain your priorities. a) to become more useful to your community and country b) to be competitive in the job c) to match the information society and survive in the competitive world d) to train yourself for a career e) to satisfy intellectual curiosity f) to add to life enjoyment and diversions g) to match and excel in qualifications h) to boost self-confidence and self-esteem i) to climb the social ladder j) to equip oneself with knowledge
2.a Read the following paragraphs illustrating the role of education in society and choose from the list below the most appropriate sentence (a-f) to fill in the gaps (1-6). Education is as old as humanity. Prehistoric people needed education to survive. Education is more important today than ever before. Most countries consider education one of the most important areas of public life. Countries throughout the world invest large amounts of time, money, and other resources to provide formal education for their citizens. Almost 20 -25 percent of all the people in the world are directly involved in education as students or teachers in schools, colleges, or universities. A modern society cannot survive without education. It helps people acquire the skills they need forsucheveryday activities as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to prepare for a job or career. (1)_______________ Education is also important because it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. Education helps people acquire skills that make their lives more interesting and enjoyable. (2)__________ Education also helps people adjust to changes that take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. (3)___________ Some educators put the objectives (goals) of education into three areas: first, the cognitive area, that aims at increasing a person's knowledge and intellectual skills (4)__________; second, the affective area, dealing with feelings, values, and appreciations. It aims at helping an individual develop moral and spiritual values and healthy attitudes and emotions. (5)__________ and third, the psychomotor area that includes the development of a person's muscular or mechanical skills (6)___________. a) Education can help a person understand these changes and provide the skills for adjusting to them. b) Such education is often called character education or citizenship training. c) For example, people must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a license or certificate before they may practice accounting, law, or medicine. Many fields, such as computer or police work, require completion of special training. d) These abilities are often related to courses in handwriting, speech, and physical education, and to vocational and technical courses. The skills may be as simple as learning to use crayons or as complicated as learning an intricate ballet movement. e) Such skills include those needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. f) It deals with the ability to think and reason effectively. The largest proportion of educational objectives involves the development of abilities in this area.
2.b What aims are particularly relevant to the system of higher education? 2.с Share your personal experiences illustrating each objective mentioned above during your period of study at Kharkiv National University. Were all of them achieved? Why? ²3.а You will hear a radio debate on education. Before you listen, sort the words below into the correct category. A-levels articulate coherent creativity degree form teacher GCSEs knowledge lecturer literacy professor pupils undergraduates intellect
3.b Tick the topics mentioned by the speakers.
3.c Listen for a second time and decide, which of the topics above causes most concern to each speaker. Choose only one topic per speaker. a) Anne............................................................................ b) Quentin........................................................................ c) Phil............................................................................... 3.d Listen for a third time and complete sentences 1-5 with the correct alternative (a–d). 1. Anne is currently a) a secondary school teacher b) a student c) a lecturer d) none of the above 2. Anne believes that the old concept of a well-educated person a) encompassed personal qualities as well as knowledge b) deserved to be changed because it was elitist c) has been replaced by a better concept d) led to people becoming over-educated 3. Quentin believes that the current education system a) pleases examiners b) tests intellect and knowledge c) prepares young people for the challenges of the future d) stunts creativity and original thinking 4. Phil believes that a) literacy is more important than creativity b) many creative people are unable to express themselves articulately c) being well-educated encompasses creativity, originality and literacy d) standards at universities are higher than they used to be 5. During the discussion a) none of the speakers agree about anything b) all of the speakers are in basic agreement c) none of the speakers listens to the others' opinions d) each speaker agrees with at least part of another speaker's argument 4. Work with a partner and discuss the following questions and issues: 1. How important is a good education in young people's lives? Use the material in the above exercise if necessary. 2. Young people today have far more educational opportunities. What educational opportunities have you had/do you have that your parents did not have? 3. What constitutes a good education? Explain what factors contribute most to a good education. 4. How far do you wish to continue your studies? What do you enjoy most/least about your education? 5. The concept of an educated person is a complex one. Below is a list of features which can make up an educated person. Which ingredients do you think are the most important? Add more points to the list. a) inborn intelligence b) independent critical thinking c) desire to seek knowledge d) thorough knowledge of the subject e) respect for ratonality f) ability to make judgments g) creativity and original thinking h) curiosity in exploring the unfamiliar 6. How do intelligence and education stand with respect to each other? 7. How do industry and education correlate? 8. Discriminate between education as a social value and education as an end in itself. 9. What do you think matters more for obtaining a good education – the process of learning or the substance of what it learnt? 5.a Read through the passage and answer the following questions. 1. What are the two traditional reasons for education? 2. What changes might occur in the future? 3. What might make it difficult for us to adjust to any changes in education? 4. What evidence does the writer give to suggest that we will succeed in adjusting to new patterns of education?
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