Двигатель для получения вращательного движения, содержащий закрепленный параллельно постоянному магниту ротора постоянный магнит статора, имеющий возможность перемещаться в зону действия магнитного поля постоянного магнита ротора, отличающийся тем, что постоянный магнит статора неподвижно закреплен на штоке, при помощи которого он вводится в зону действия магнитных полей постоянных магнитов ротора, выполненного в виде диска (маховика), на котором установлен один или несколько, обращенных одноименными полюсами к постоянному магниту статора подковообразных магнитов ротора, длина которых выбрана такой, чтобы в центре нейтральной зоны оставалась намагниченность, близкая к нулю, что обеспечит отталкивание одноименных полюсов статора и ротора при введении постоянного магнита статора, неподвижно закрепленного на штоке в зону действия постоянного магнита ротора, и в результате взаимодействия магнитного поля постоянного магнита ротора с магнитным полем одноименного полюса постоянного магнита статора именно за счет их отталкивания обеспечено вращение ротора.
Изобретающая Машина Эффекты (IM Effects).
Помогает найти приближения для выполнения требуемого действия. В программе Эффекты (IM Effects) экран разделен на три поля: Функции (functions), Предложение (proposition) и Примеры (examples). В окне функций выбирается нужный раздел, в нем необходимое действие, в окне “предложение” появляется список физических процессов и явлений, с помощью которых можно осуществить данное действие. Для каждого выбранного эффекта в окне “пример” появляется список технических разработок, в которых данный эффект или явление реализованы на практике. При нажатии на клавишу “Концепции/эффекты” (Concepts/Effects...) можно посмотреть описание выбранного эффекта. При нажатии на кнопку “Примеры” (Examples) появляются примеры применения эффекта на практике.
Фрагмент отчета по Лабораторной работе «Эффекты»
Report #
Problemtype name or brief description of problem
Presented byLab222
SevNTU
10/18/13
Problem statement
Required technical action: to ...
Concepts (IM-Effects)
Concept No.1:
Concept #1
IMLab recommends: You may solve your problem by applying resonance.
Effect:
RESONANCE
Resonance refers to a sharp increase in the amplitude of forced
oscillations. It takes place when an external force changes with a
frequency vfrc close to that of the system's natural oscillations Vo.
The value of the amplitude at resonance is determined by the vibrating
system's properties and the characteristics of forced oscillations.
Resonance plays an important role in nature, science and technology.
Resonance of constructions and mechanisms under periodic external actions
may cause accidents. To avoid resonance actions, respective properties of
systems are selected or vibration dampers based on the antiresonance
phenomenon are used. In radioengineering, resonance is used to separate
the signals of one (required) radio- or TV-station from all others.
Examples:
LIQUEFIED GAS LEVEL GAUGE
The resonance gauge contains an oscillatory circuit made in the
form of multiple rods (positioned with respect to known fill
levels) with current-conducting (strain-gauge) elements affixed
to each. The gauging accuracy can be increased using resonant
frequencies. If the rods are attuned to various resonant
frequencies then one of the rods of the oscillatory circuit is
excited while the tank (gauge) is being filled with liquefied
gas. The location of the liquefied gas surface can then be
measured based on which of the rods resonates during filling.
SU A.c. N 175 265
Concept No.2:
Concept #2
IMLab recommends: You may solve your problem by applying friction.
Effect:
FRICTION
Friction (external) is the mechanical resistance occurring
during a relative motion of two contacting bodies in the plane
of their contact.
Friction is a dissipative process accompanied
by heat liberation, electrization, or destruction of bodies,
etc. From the kinematics viewpoint, rolling friction and sliding
friction are distinguished. Friction is characterized by the
friction coefficient. This may change within a wide range
depending on the roughness and waviness of a surface, nature of
surface-coating films, etc. Friction is influenced by loads,
sliding velocity, temperature, and the nature of rubbing bodies. The
sliding friction coefficient for friction materials amounts to
0.3 to 0.35, sometimes 0.5 to 0.6; for antifriction materials
without lubricant - 0.15 to 0.16, in case of boundary lubricant
- 0.1 to 0.05.
The rolling friction coefficient for metals
(steel on steel) makes 0.001 to 0.002; for car wheels it varies
within the range from 0.02 to 0.8 depending on speed, asphalt
properties and moisture.
Examples:
MOUSE
It is not time-efficient to move the cursor on a computer screen
using the keyboard.
It is proposed to use a rolling ball mounted inside a
mouse frame. When the frame is displaced along a surface, ball
rotation is transmitted to two friction rollers (90 degrees
apart) contacting the surface. Optical counting sensors are
mounted on the same shaft with the rollers. These generate
pulses for each turn through a certain angle in orthogonal
directions. These counts are fed to the computer to cause
movement of the cursor on the screen. Two or three mouse keys
are used to send instructions to the computer. This device is
especially convenient working with graphic data and complex
information. It is inexpensive to produce and reliable to
operate.
Concept No.2:
Concept #2
IMLab recommends: You may solve your problem by applying friction.
Problem to be solved:
Course of Action:
Expected Results:
Conclusion:
Level:
Practical
Notes
Selected effects & examples:
WETTING
Wetting refers to the spreading of a liquid over a solid surface that is in contact with a gas
(vapor) or other liquid.
It occurs as result of interaction of molecules on the boundary of three phases (bodies, media).
In case of a contact of a liquid and solid metals, wetting is determined by the formation of
chemical compounds, liquid solutions, as well as by diffusion processes.
Wetting is measured by a wetting angle (limiting wetting angle). This depends on the relation
between the adhesion forces of liquid's molecules with the molecules and atoms of the material
being wetted and the adhesion forces between the molecules of the liquid itself.
The inability of a substance to be wetted is called hydrophobicity. Hydrophobic substances
(hydrophobizators) are many metals and organic compounds (paraffins, fats, waxes, some
plastics).
MEISSNER EFFECT
The Meissner effect describes the full expulsion of a magnetic field from a metal conductor that
is about to become a superconductor (when the temperature and intensity of the magnetic field