Утопия и минимальное государство

Описанная нами рамка для утопии эквивалентна минимальному государству. В этой главе аргументация начинается (и завершается) вне зависимости от логики частей I и II и приходит к тому же самому результату, к минимальному государству, с другого направления. В этой главе мы не рассматривали рамку как нечто большее, чем минимальное государство, но мы не делали попыток опереться непосредственно на предшествующее обсуждение защитных агентств. (Это потому, что мы хотели, чтобы две независимых линии аргументации сошлись.) Нам не нужно объединять тему этой части с рассмотренным ранее вопросом о доминирующих охранных агентствах; хотелось бы только отметить, что вне зависимости от того, к каким заключениям относительно роли центральной власти (контроля над ней и т.п.) приходят люди, именно эти заключения будут определять (внутреннюю) форму и структуру охранных агентств, клиентами которых они решат стать.

В части I мы доказали, что минимальное государство является морально легитимным; в части II мы доказали, что никакое государство с более широкими полномочиями не может быть морально оправданно, что любое более могущественное государство нарушало бы (будет нарушать) права индивидов. Предпочтительное в моральном отношении государство, единственное морально легитимное государство, единственное морально приемлемое государство является, как мы теперь понимаем, тем самым государством, которое наилучшим образом реализует утопические стремления бесчисленных мечтателей и провидцев. Оно сохраняет то, что все мы можем взять от утопической традиции, и открывает все остальное, что есть в этой традиции, для наших личных стремлений. Вспомните вопрос, с которого начиналась эта глава. Не является ли минимальное государство, рамка для утопии, воодушевляющим видением?

Минимальное государство обращается с нами как с неприкос -новенными индивидами, которых другие люди не могут использовать в качестве инструмента, средства или ресурса; оно обращается с нами с почтением, которого мы заслуживаем как обладатели индивидуальных прав. Уважая наши права и тем самым обращаясь с нами с уважением, оно позволяет нам — по отдельности или вместе с теми, кого мы выберем, — выбирать свою жизнь и реа-лизовывать свои цели и представления о себе в той мере, в какой мы на это способны, опираясь на добровольное сотрудничество других индивидов, обладающих тем же достоинством. Как смеет государство или группа индивидов делать больше? Или меньше.

[Форматирование и/или сканирование: Марс Рахманов. «Перерождение ради процветания. Жить полноценно». 2008 г. http://marsexxx.com]

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