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Ukraine's National Higher Education System



In Ukraine, as in any developed country, higher education is considered to be one of the main human values. Ukraine has inherited from the past a well-developed and multifunctional system of higher education. The dynamics, which is a hallmark of the current civilization, increasing social role of an individual, humanization and democratization of society, intellectualization of labour, fast advance in technologies and equipment worldwide require the creation of such a higher education system, which will allow Ukraine to become a leader in education.

Higher education constitutes an integral part of the system of education in Ukraine. It is going through a transitional period in a context of becoming an information society and integration into the European higher education in according with the Bologna process. The main objectives of the reforms are to decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial mechanism, and to give more academic freedom to faculties and students.

The Ukraine's State Higher Education System includes 940 higher educational institutions (HEI), of which 806 are public and 134 are private, charitable or religious. Non-public HEIs are legally acknowledged and controlled by the state through the educational activity's licensing mechanism and accreditation. HEIs in Ukraine are composed of vocational schools, colleges, institutes, conservatories, academies, and universities.

Higher education institutions offer a five-year program of academic subjects for undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as graduate courses.

Admission to higher educational institutions is decided on a competitive basis according to skills, regardless of the form of ownership of the educational institution or the sources of payment for education.

There are four levels of accreditation established pursuant to the status of higher educational institutions:

– First level. Technical school, vocational school and other equivalent higher educational institutions.

– Second level: College and other equivalent higher educational institutions.

– Third and fourth levels(depending on the results of accreditation): institute, conservatory, academy, and university.

Higher educational institutions train specialists to the following educational and qualification levels:

– Junior specialisteducational-qualification level is provided by technical and vocational schools, and other higher educational institutions of the first level of accreditation.

– Bachelor, basic higher education – is provided by colleges and other higher educational institutions of the second level of accreditation.

– Specialist / Master, complete higher education – are provided by higher educational institutions of the third and fourth levels of accreditation

Requirements as to the contents, scope, and level of the educational and professional training in Ukraine are determined by the State Standards of Education. The state standard of education is developed for each area of training (profession) for various educational-qualification levels.

Government regulatory authorities in the area of higher education include:

– the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

– central authorities of the executive power of Ukraine, to which educational institutions are subordinated.

– the Supreme Certification Commission of Ukraine

– the State Accreditation Commission.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine is the central body of the government executive providing management in the area of education.

The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine:

– participates in the determination of tbe state policy in the area of education, science and professional training of specialists;

– develops the program of the development of education, state standards;

– ensures the connection with educational institutions, government authorities of other countries with respect to issues felling within its competence;

– accredits higher and vocational educational institutions, issues licenses and certificates to them;

– organizes certification of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical personnel in order to provide them with qualification decrees, pedagogical and scientific ranks.

The Supreme Certification Commission of Ukraine organizes and conducts the certification of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, manages the work related to giving scientific ranks, giving academic decree of a senior staff scientist.

In accordance with the results of the accreditation of higher educational institutions, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine together with ministries and departments, to which educational institutions are subordinated:

– determine the correspondence of educational services to the state standards of a certain educational qualification level in particular areas and issues a document of education pursuant of the state standard:

– determine the level of accreditation of an educational institution;

– inform the community regarding the quality or educational and scientific activities carried out by higher educational institutions.

Bodies of the public self-regulation in the area of education include:

– the All-Ukrainian Congress of Educational Specialists;

– general conference of the staff of an educational institution;

– district, city, oblast conference of pedagogical personnel:

– Congress of Educational Specialists of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Local authorities in the area of education sum their proposals regarding the formation of the state policy in the area of education.

The establishment of a new educational system is based upon the new legislative and methodological grounds. It provides for a higher standard of specialists training, increase in academic and professional mobility of graduates, a greater openness, and democratic principles of teaching, and integration of higher education system into the world community.

 

3.b Explain the following concepts from the text.

Main human values; multifunctional higher education system; hallmark; humanization; democratization; intellectualization of labour; transitional period; information society; decentralization of education; HEI; legally acknowledged; licensing mechanism; educational-qualification level; basic higher education; complete higher education; state regulatory authorities; the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine; executive authorities; the Supreme Certification Commission of Ukraine; the State Accreditation Commission; the All-Ukrainian Congress of Educational Specialists; world community.

 

3.c Discuss the following issues with a partner and share your opinion with the rest of the class.

1. Despite the overall process of decentralization within the higher education sector, should any elements of the higher education system remain universally governed?

2. What new sources of finance should universities seek for to update the current mechanism of state funding in a new market economy?

3. What tendency is dominating today's higher education in Ukraine: expansion of the existing network of higher education establishments of all types or its reduction?

4. Admission to Ukrainian higher education institutions is exercised on the basis of a competitive entrance exam system, while in Britain the procedure is essentially selective. Which of the two patterns would you favour more as a potential applicant and a future teacher?

5. What is, in your opinion, the underlying objective of the four-tier gradation of the Ukrainian higher education system?

6. There is no clear understanding of the correlation between the degrees of specialist and master. Do you believe it is economically relevant to train both specialists and masters at higher education establishments?

 

4.a Read the following article about the challenges of Ukrainian private education and do the tasks that follow.

 




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