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WHY MUST TECHNOLOGY BRING APOLOGY TO ECOLOGY?



 

To answer this question we must first of all learn the meaning of the word “ecology”. Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet with its environment. This word came from Greek “oikos” which means “home”. This idea of “home” includes the whole planet of ours, its population, the Nature, animals, birds, fish, insects, all other living beings and even the atmosphere around our planet. Do all of them live a happy and healthy life in our Home nowadays? Unfortunately, it is not so. Indeed, many territories, water basins, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans – and the atmosphere are polluted with all kinds of technological, agricultural, chemical, nuclear and other wastes. The intensive development of sciences, industry and chemistry in the 20th century has made the pollution of our environment a global problem which should be solved by all means.

Besides, rapid growth of our population (there are about 6 billion people living on our planet now) needs more and more land, food, goods, and modern conveniences for newly-born people. The production of them in large amounts will greatly increase the pollution of the environment. And what to say about the awful harm caused to our Home by nuclear tests, atom bombs and accidents at the atomic power stations? Isn’t it high time to start solving this global problem and to make our life in our Home happy and healthy?

Now you know the answer to the question of why technology must bring apology to ecology. You are right. Because it has polluted and is badly polluting our environment.

And in conclusion all of us should always remember the wise advice of a great English writer John Galsworthy who said, ‘If you don’t think about the future you will not have it.”

 

c) Find Russian equivalents of the given English words and word combinations:

 

living beings, water basins, intensive development, a global problem, by all means, rapid growth, modern conveniences, nuclear tests, atomic power stations, high time, to start solving, in conclusion

 

d) Find English equivalents of the given Russian words and word combinations:

 

быстрый рост населения, должна быть решена во чтобы то ни стало, следует всегда помнить, современные удобства, ужасный ущерб, ядерные испытания, глобальная проблема, самое время начать, большое количество, атомные электростанции, сильно увеличит загрязнение, изучать взаимоотношения, интенсивное развитие промышленности, сельскохозяйственные отходы, атмосфера вокруг нашей планеты

 

e)Make your own sentences with the given word combinations:

- awful harm caused by

- nuclear tests

- will increase

- to start solving the problem

- it has polluted

- to make our life

 

f) Answer the questions to the text:

 

1. What does the word “ecology” mean?

2. What does the idea of “home” include?

3. What is our Home polluted with?

4. What was the reason of such global problem as pollution?

5. What does rapid growth of population requires?

6. What causes the awful harm to our planet?

7. Why should technology bring apology to ecology?

g) Write an essay expressing your own opinion on the problems discussed in the text (not more than 80 words).

 

Exercise 2.

 

a) Match the terms with the descriptions taken from the dictionary:

 

1.acid rain A – dirty brown air in cities that is a mixture of fog, smoke, and harmful gases
2.environment B – the idea that the Earth’s weather is gradually becoming warmer
3. fumes C – causing less harm to the environment
4. greenhouse gas D – to take materials that have already been used, and to put them through a special process so that they can be used again
5. habitat E – energy that is always replaced naturally after it has been used
6. environmentally friendly F – chlorofluorocarbons, plural chemicals that damage the ozone layer. They are used especially in refrigerators.
7. green issues G – plural harmful gas or smoke, for example from factories or cars, which damages the environment and people’s health
8. to recycle H – air, water, and land where people, animals, and plants live, and the way all the things depend on each other so that the life can continue
9. the ozone layer I – a substance that pollutes the environment
10. pollutant J – the natural home of a plant or animal
11. smog K - a gas that forms a layer around the Earth and stops heat from leaving the Earth’s atmosphere
12. renewable energy L – a layer of gases around the Earth that protects us by stopping harmful light from the Sun reaching the Earth
13. CFCs M – rain that is harmful to trees and buildings because it has become mixed with smoke from factories and power stations
14. global warming N - ideas about the environment that are discussed in meetings, newspapers, on television,, etc.

b)Many people believe that the way we live our lives today is having an extremely bad effect on the environment. Here are some examples of environmental problems and solutions to talk about them.

 

Environmental problems Some solutions
Pollution. Pollution is damage to the air, sea, rivers, or land caused by chemicals, waste and harmful gases. Pollutants include toxic waste, pesticides, and fertilizers. Renewable energy sources.Renewable energy sources such as wind power, wave power, and solar power do not pollute the environment. They are much cleaner than oil and coal.
The greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is caused by harmful gases known as greenhouse gases. These gases are produced when we burn fuels, especially coal burned in power stations to make electricity. These gases go up into the Earth atmosphere and stop heat from leaving the Earth. Green products. We can help the environment by choosing green products. Examples of green products are recycled paper, wood from sustainable sources, and organic fruit and vegetables.
Global warming.Because the heat cannot escape, the Earth is getting warmer. This is known as global warming. It may cause the ice at the North pole and South Pole to melt and sea levels to rise, leading to serious flooding in many parts of the world. In other places, temperatures will rise and there will be less rain, turning more of the land into desert. Recycling.Recycling is when you use something again instead of throwing it away. Glass, cans, paper, and plastic can all be recycled. About 60% of rubbish from homes and factories contain materials that could be recycled. Recycling saves energy and raw materials, and also reduces damage to the countryside.
Holes in the ozone layer. The ozone layer is a layer of gases that protects us from ultraviolet light from the sun, which can have a harmful effect on animals, and causes skin cancer in humans. The ozone layer is being damaged by chemicals, especially CFCs, and when holes appear in the ozone layer, harmful light from the sun reaches the Earth. Protesting.Many people try to protect the environment by joining environmental groups that inform people about green issues, and try to persuade governments to take more care of the environment, especially by organizing protests.
Acid rains. Acid rain is a rain that is harmful to the environment because it contains acid from factory smoke. Acid rain causes damage to trees, rivers, and buildings. Alternative forms of transport.One of the main problems with cars is that they cause a lot of pollution and often carry only one person. Public transport is more environmentally friendly because buses and trains carry large numbers of people at the same time. Even cleaner solutions are electric cars and bicycles.

 

 

c) Complete the sentences using the information from the text:

 

1. The ozone layer is being damaged by …

2. Many people try to protect the environment by …

3. Pollution is damage to the air, sea, rivers, or land caused by …

4. We can help the environment by …

5. Acid rain causes damage to …

6. The greenhouse gases are produced when …

7. Examples of green products are …

 

d) Add some environmental problems and some solutions to the list and make your own table:

 

Environmental problems Solutions
   
   
   

 

e) Answer the questions to the text:

 

1. What are the main environmental problems in the modern world?

2. What do we mean speaking about pollutants?

3. What is the greenhouse effect caused by?

4. Why is the ozone layer important for people?

5. How can global warming cause damage?

6. How can we help the environment?

7. What do you personally do to protect nature?

 

Exercise 3.

 

a) Read and translate the words without using a dictionary, say what parts of speech they are:

 

civilization, to produce, to inhabit, uninhabitable, population, overpopulation, energy, massive, deforestation, ozone, acid, global, industrial, nuclear, chemical, pesticides, forever, effect, to test, poison, to poison, substance, to control, control, limits, to recycle, recyclable, potential, potentially

 

b) Read and memorize the words and word combinations:

 

to spread, v распространять, распространяться
earthquake, n землетрясение
trend, n общее направление, тенденция
to consume, v потреблять
consumption, n потребление
depletion, n уменьшение, истощение
fertilizer, n удобрение
to emit, v выбрасывать, выпускать
emission, n выброс
disastrous, adj бедственный, гибельный, пагубный
consequence, n (по)следствие, результат(чего-либо )
to punish, v наказывать
discharge, n выпускание; спуск, сток, слив
fine, n штраф
soot, n сажа
sewage, n сточные воды; нечистоты
to convert, v преобразовывать; превращать
to survive, v выживать
to affect, v влиять
to take measures принимать меры
to prevent, v предотвращать
to exceed, v превышать
urgent, adj срочный,неотложный, необходимый
admissible, adj возможный, допустимый
sound-proof, adj звуконепроницаемый

 

c) Read the text:

 

 




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