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Read the text and translate it

Introduction of the new words


Attend відвідувати

Enrol реєструвати

Lyceum ліцей

Composition склад

Substance речовина

Density of gases густина газу

concept поняття

predict передбачувати

existence існування

liquefaction зрідження

ether ефір

workout розробляти

investigate досліджувати

oil refinery завод по очищенню нафти

perpetuate увічнити


 

Read the text and translate it.

 

D.I. MENDELEYEV

 

Dmitry Mendeleyev was a Russian chemist and an inventor. He was also the father of Peri­odic Table of Elements. Mendeleyev was born on February 8, 1834 in VerkhnieAremzyani vil­lage, near Tobolsk (Russia). At the age of four­teen, after the death of his father, Mendeleyev attended Tobolsk Gymnasium.

He enrolled (1850) in the Faculty of Phys­ics and Mathematics of the Main Pedagogical Institute in Saint Petersburg, from which he graduated with a brilliant record in 1855. He taught (1855—56) at the Odessa lyceum, where he continued work on the relationships between the crystal forms and the chemical composition of substances.

Between 1859 and 1861 he worked on the density of gases in Paris, and the workings of the spectroscope with Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

in Heidelberg. In 1860, Mendeleyev discovered the concept of critical temperature and attended the first International Chemical Congress at Karlsruhe, where StanislaoCannizzaro's views on atomic weights planted the seeds for the concept of the periodic table.

In 1863, after returning to Russia, he became Professor of Chemistry at the Saint Petersburg Technological Institute (1864—66) and at the University of Saint Petersburg (1867—90), where he gave a course of lectures in theoretical and prac­tical importance. Because he found no suitable text for his students, he wrote his own — Principles of Chemistry (1868—71).

 

The systematization of ideas required for this book led Mendeleyev to for­mulate the periodic law in March 1869. The law organized the chemical elements known at the time according to their atomic weights and predicted the existence of more elements.

He was sent (1876) by the Russian government to study petroleum produc­tion in the United States. Mendeleyev also worked on the liquefaction of gases; the expansion of liquids; a theory of solutions; a theory of the inorganic origin of petroleum; the chemistry of coal; Russian weights and measures; and the universal ether. He helped to found the Russian Chemical Society in 1868.

Though Mendeleyev was widely honored by scientific organizations all over Europe including the Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London. In his later years, he worked out and investigated the composition and fields of oil and helped to found the first oil refinery in Russia. He died in St. Petersburg (1907), Russia from influenza. His name will be perpetuated in the discovery of new artificial ele­ments and in our better understanding of the mysteries of nature.- Element number 101, the radioactive mendelevium, is named after him.

 

 

1.Answer the questions

Use: I think... I suppose... I know...

1. Who was D. Mendeleyev?

2. When and where was D. Mendeleyev born?

3. What institute did he graduate from? When did it happen?

4. What did Mendeleyev discover in 1860?

5. Whom did he become after returning to Russia?

6. What did Mendeleyev formulate in March 1869?

7. Why was he sent by the Russian government to the United States in 1876?

8. What did Mendeleyev investigate in his later years?

9. What branches of science was Mendeleyev interested in?

10. What did he discover (predict)?

 

2. Are these statements true or false?

1. Dmitry Mendeleyev was a Russian philosopher.

2. Between 1859 and 1861 he worked on fields of oil in Paris.

3. In 1860, Mendeleyev discovered the concept of critical temperature.

4.The Periodic Law reads: "The properties of the elements are a periodic func­tion of the nuclear charges of their atoms".

4. Element number 25, the radioactive mendelevium, is named after him.

 

 




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