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Microprocessors (Мікропроцесори)

Exercise 1.Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

microprocessor ['maɪkrə(ʊ)ˌprəusesə] мікропроцесор

contain [kən'teɪn] містити (мати) в собі; вміщати

central processing unit ['sentrəl 'prəusesɪŋ 'juːnɪt] центральний процесор

motion ['məuʃ(ə)n] рух

turn on [tɜːn] вмикати

perform [pə'fɔːm] виконувати

add [æd] додавати

subtract [səb'trækt] віднімати

a set of instructions [set ɒv ɪn'strʌkʃ(ə)ns] набір інструкцій

determine [dɪ'tɜːmɪn] визначати встановлювати

multiple ['mʌltɪp(ə)l] багаторазовий; багатократний; численний

data ['deɪtə] дані

process ['prəuses] процес

basic ['beɪsɪk] бейсик (універсальний код програм для комп'ютерів)

Exercise 2.Read and translate the following text:

A microprocessor, sometimes called a logic chip, is a computer processor on a microchip.

The microprocessor contains all, or most of, the central processing unit (CPU) functions and is the "engine" that goes into motion when you turn your computer on. A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make use of small number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor operations include adding, subtracting, comparing two numbers, and fetching numbers from one area to another. These operations are the result of a set of instructions that are part of the microprocessor design.

When your computer is turned on, the microprocessor gets the first instruction from the basic input/output system (BIOS) that comes with the computer as part of its memory. After that, either the BIOS, or the operating system that BIOS loads into computer memory, or an application progam is "driving" the microprocessor, giving it instructions to perform.

Three basic characteristics differentiate microprocessors:

Instruction set: The set of instructions that the microprocessor can execute.

bandwidth : The number of bits processed in a single instruction.

clock speed : Given in megahertz (MHz), the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute.

In both cases, the higher the value, the more powerful the CPU. For example, a 32-bit microprocessor that runs at 50MHz is more powerful than a 16-bit microprocessor that runs at 25MHz.

A microprocessor consists of multiple internal function units. A basic design has an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a control unit, a memory interface, an interrupt or exception controller, and an internal cache. More sophisticated microprocessors might also contain extra units that assist in floating-point match calculations, program branching, or vector processing (see illustration).


A microprocessor consists of multiple independent function units. The memory interface fetches instructions from, and writes data to, external memory. The control unit issues one or more instructions to other function units. These units process the instructions.

The ALU performs all basic computational operations: arithmetic, logical, and comparisons.

Exercise 3.Continue the following sentences:

1.A microprocessor, sometimes called a logic chip, is…

2.A microprocessor is designed to…

3.Typical microprocessor operations include…

4. Three basic characteristics that differentiate microprocessors are…

5.A microprocessor consists of…

6.The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs all basic computational operations such as…

Exercise 4.Put questions to the words in bold type:

1. A microprocessor is a computer processor on a microchip.

2. The microprocessor gets the first instruction from the basic input/output system.

3. Three basic characteristics differentiate microprocessors.

4. More sophisticated microprocessors might also contain extra units.

5. The ALU performs all basic computationaloperations: arithmetic, logical, and comparisons.

Exercise 5. Find the pairs of synonyms:

A:to get,to turn on, number, to perform , powerful.

B:to switch on, strong, digit, to receive, to do .

Exercise 6. Find the pairs of antonyms:

A:useful, to turn on, high, independent, to give.

B:dependent,to switch off, low, to receive, useless.

 




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