Text A. Internal combustion

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ

ВОЛГОГРАДСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра «Иностранные языки»

Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов

Автотракторного факультета

По теме «Моя специальность»

ВОЛГОГРАД

ББК Ш 143.21 - 92

Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов автотракторногофакультета по теме «Моя специальность»/

cост.: А. А. Зязина, Ю. О. Квартовкина, Н. А. Пром, Е. В. Щепетова; Волгоград. гос. техн. ун-т.– Волгоград, 2009. – 16 с.

Разработаны на основе оригинальных текстов по машиностроению и автоматизации и содержат разнообразный языковой материал - тексты, диалоги, упражнения для развития умений и навыков диалогической и монологической речи по специальности.

Предназначены для студентов машиностроительного факультета.

Рецензент Е. Ф. Болдарева

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета

Волгоградского государственного технического университета

© Волгоградский государственный технический университет, 2006.

Составители:

Анна Алексеевна Зязина

Юлия Олеговна Квартовкина

Наталья Александровна Пром

Елена Владимировна Щепетова

Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов автотракторного факультета по теме «Моя специальность»

Темплан 2009г., поз. № .

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Волгоградский государственный технический университет.

400131 Волгоград, просп. им. В. И. Ленина, 28.

РПК «Политехник»

Волгоградского государственного технического университета.

400131 Волгоград, ул.Советская, 35.

Unit 1. Automobile inside

Exercise 1.Study the picture. Guess the meaning of the terms.

Exercise 2.Find English equivalents of the following terms:

Бензиномер, руль, ключ зажигания, сцепление, рычаг передачи, спидометр, зеркало заднего вида, дворники, гудок, ремень безопасности, ручка двери, боковое зеркало, ручной тормоз, педаль тормоза, педаль газа, подголовник, сиденье водителя, сиденье пассажира, вещевой ящик, панель, вентиляция,

Unit 2. Car engines

Exercise 1.List three the most important things which make a car move. What do you think a car engine’s job is?

Exercise 2.Read the international words and guess their meaning:

Gas, diesel, energy, turbine, train, system, mechanical, stimulate, design, control, technical, standard, cylinder.

Exercise 3.Read and translate the text.

The purpose of a gasoline car engine is to convert gasoline into motion so that your car can move. Currently the easiest way to create motion from gasoline is to burn the gasoline inside an engine. Therefore, a car engine is an internal combustion engine- combustion takes place internally. Two things to note:

· There are different kinds of internal combustion engines. Diesel engines are one form and gas turbine engines are another. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

· There is such a thing as an external combustion engine. A steam engine in old-fashioned trains and steam boats is the best example of an external combustion engine. The fuel (coal, wood, oil, whatever) in a steam engine burns outside the engine to create steam, and the steam creates motion inside the engine. Internal combustion is a lot more efficient (takes less fuel per mile) than external combustion, plus an internal combustion engine is a lot smaller than an equivalent external combustion engine. This explains why we don’t see any cars from Ford and GM using steam engines.

Exercise 4. Match the words with their definitions.

Exercise 5.Give Russian equivalents for the following.

Gasoline, motion, steam engine, efficiency, internal combustion engine, external combustion engine, enclosed space, cycle, explosion, stroke.

Exercise 6.Answer the questions.

1. What is the purpose of a car engine?

2. What are the types of combustion engines?

3. Are there any kinds of internal combustion engines?

4. What do you think the pluses and minuses of different kinds of internal combustion engines are?

5. Name the examples of external combustion engines.

6. What are the advantages of internal combustion engines?

7. Do you believe that in a couple of years a new type of engine will be created?

Unit 3

Before you start

Exercise 1.How many strokes does a typical engine have? Which is the odd word: injection, compression, exhaust, rotation, intake, combustion?

Exercise 2. You are going to read about internal combustion. Which of these words do you expect to see?

Car engine gasoline steam engine burn stroke piston motion explosion wires cycle

Exercise 3.Read the text and check if you were right.

Text A. Internal combustion

If you put any tiny amount of high-energy fuel (like gasoline) in a small, enclosed space and ignite it, an incredible amount of energy is released in the form of expanding gas. If you can create a cycle that allows you set off explosions like this hundreds of times per minute, and if you can harness that energy in a useful way, what you have is a core of a car engine!

Almost all cars currently use what is called a four-stroke combustion cycle to convert gasoline into motion. The four-stroke approach is also known as the Otto cycle, in honor of Nikolaus Otto, who invented it in 1867. The four strokes are:

· Intake stroke

· Compression stroke

· Combustion stroke

· Exhaust stroke

The piston is connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod. Here is what happens as the engine goes through its cycle:

1. The piston starts at the top, the intake valve opens, and the piston moves down to let the engine take in a cylinder-full of air and gasoline. This is the intake stroke. Only the tiniest drop of gasoline needs to be mixed into the air for this work.

2. Then the piston moves back up to compress this fuel/ air mixture. Compression makes the explosion more powerful.

3. When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, the spark plug emits a spark to ignite the gasoline. This gasoline charge in the cylinder explodes, driving the piston down.

4. Once the piston hits the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the exhaust leaves the cylinder to go out the tailpipe.

Now the engine is ready for the next cycle, so it intakes another charge of air and gas.

In an engine the linear motion of the pistons is converted into rotational motion by the crankshaft. The rotational motion is nice because we plan to turn (rotate) the car’s wheels with it anyway.

Exercise 4.Read these statements about the passage. Are they true or false?

• Nicolaus Otto invented the two-stroke combustion cycle in 1867.

• The piston is connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod.

• The intake stroke is the beginning of a four-stroke cycle.

• Compression makes the explosion less powerful.

• In an engine the linear motion of the pistons is converted into rotational motion by the connecting rod.

Exercise 5.Find English equivalents in the text:

двигатель, такт впуска, такт выпуска, рабочий ход, такт сжатия, топливо, свеча зажигания, поршень, клапан, коленчатый вал, шатун.

Exercise 6.Tell your partner how gasoline is converted into motion using the words from Exercise 5.

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