1. Every citizen has the right to an equal ____4______ before the law.
\4) treatment
2. People with low incomes receive help from various legal aid schemes to _______2___ the costs of the lawyer. ///
2) pay
3. Strict rules exist to protect suspects against any ___5_____ by the authorities.
5) abuses
4. An arrested person has the right to consult a ____3___ in England and Wales.
3) solicitor
5. An accused person is regarded as ____4____ until proved guilty.
4) innocent
6. A conviction can be __1____on appeal if the evidence is improperly presented in court.
1) quashed
7. Typical __2___ disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and employers.
2) civil
8. Nobody is above the law; public authorities can be successfully __1 ___ in the civil courts.
1) sued
9. In England and Wales an arrested person cannot be _____2) __ in police custody beyond 36 hours without a warrant being obtained from a lay justice.///
2) detained
10. The police must ____4___ a suspect before any questions are put for the purpose of obtaining evidence.
4) caution
11. Police are strictly forbidden to use ___1____ to obtain answers from suspects.///
1) violence
12. Most people are released on bail after being ______5____with an offence.
5) charged
13. The prosecution and the defence may ____3__individual jurors on grounds of possible bias.
3) challenge
14. An accused person is regarded as innocent until proved ____2___.
2) guilty
15. Anyone convicted by a court has the right of ______1_ to higher courts against conviction or sentence.
1) appeal
16. An accused person is regarded as __3____ until proved guilty.
3) innocent
17. Anyone ____5__with an offence has the right to legal representation in court.
5) charged
18. The defence has the right to the last speech at a __4__trial before the judge sums up.
4) jury
19. In the UK typical civil disputes are those between tenants and landlords or those between employees and __3______.
3) employers
20. England and Wales are known to have __2_many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago.
2) retained
21. A court must be satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that a defendant has committed the crime before reaching a ‘____4___’ verdict.
4) guilty
22. Most people are released on __1____ after being charged with an offence.
1) bail
23. People charged with serious crimes such as murder, manslaughter, rape and robbery are ___2___in front of a jury. !!!
2) tried
24. A lawyer has the right to ___1______ prosecution witnesses.
1) cross-examine
25. Judges do not merely ___3____ the law; in some cases they make laws.
3) apply
26. The doctrine of _4____is still a central feature of modern common law systems.
4) precedent
27. The spread of ___1__law in the world is due both to the widespread influence of Britain in the world and the growth of the USA.
1) common
28. _____4___ systems are sometimes known as codified legal systems.
4) continental
29. In order to separate the roles of the ____1__ and judiciary, it is necessary to make laws that were clear and comprehensive.
1) legislature
30. The courts are able to _____2___ the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.
2) challenge
31. The clear distinction between _____1__ and judiciary has weakened in many countries, where courts are able to challenge the constitutional legality of a law made by parliament.
1) legislature
32. In many countries legislators wanted to break with previous case law, which had often produced ____5__ and biased judgment.
5) corrupt
33. A shoplifter is a person who __2____ from shops.
2) steals
34. A _____3___ is a person who brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax.
3) smuggler
35. The principle of separation of power was adopted in order to ____1_ the control of a state over its citizens.///
1) strengthen
36. President of the United States is ____2___ for a term of four years.
2) elected
37. It takes much longer to have a case heard in the Crown Court, but __3____ prefer it because the case is decided by the jury, ordinary members of the public.
3) defendants
38. The _____2_ on a jury is compulsory and cannot be avoided without a good reason, such as illness.
2) service
39. Such serious crime, like ___3___, cannot be heard by the magistrates and must go to the Crown Court.
3) murder
40. The process of taking an action from a low court to a higher court may be __1________ and very costly.
1) time-consuming
41. A terrorist is a person who uses __1_____ for political reasons.
1) violence
42. A ___4__dealer buys and sells drugs illegally.
4) drug
43. Juries ___2__ only in criminal courts.
2) serve
44. The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest appellate court ____2___.
2) instance
45. Most schools in many countries no longer have ___4____ punishment.
4) corporal
46. Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to _4_____ the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.
4) ban
47. Torture is defined in the 1949 Geneva Convention as the deliberate, systematic __2____of physical and mental suffering.
2) infliction
48. Sometimes __1______ is used to extract information from prisoners, and sometimes for no other reason than to hurt and frighten them.
1) torture
49. The police had enough ____4_____ of John’s accomplice
4) proof
50. _____4__punishment would be abolished in all countries if it hadn’t been serious crimes like murder and rape.
4) capital
51. Amnesty International works to ___3__ people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to abolish the death penalty.
3) release
52. Death penalty is available in most states today for the most __3__ crimes such as murder.
3) serious
53. A burglar is a person who ____2___into the house to steal.
2) breaks
54. A hijacker is a person who ____3__ control of a plane by force and makes pilot change course.
3) takes
55. The verdict of a jury should be unanimous, though sometimes a __1___verdict is acceptable.
1) majority
56. The defendant was accused of ____2__ a crime by the jury.
2) committing
57. Prisoners of __1____ are people who had never used or advocated violence and were simply in prison because of their political or religious beliefs.
1) conscience
58. Amnesty International works to release people imprisoned for their beliefs, to ban the use of torture, and to ___3___the death penalty.
3) abolish
59. The accused was released on ___4__after being chargedwith an offence.
4) bail
60. The witnesses saw how the accident happened and gave truthful ____2___to the judge.
2) evidence
61. In a Crown Court trial there are twelve _3_____.
3) jurors
62. When the police __1___ somebody on suspicion (за підозрою) of having committed a crime, they have to follow certain procedure.
1) arrest
63. Unless the police obtain special permission, they are not allowed to __4____ a person for more than twenty-four hours.
4) detain
64. In cases where a panel of magistrates (usually three) has decided somebody is guilty of a crime, they can also __1____ a punishment.
1) impose
65. Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been __5__ to the job by a local committee.
5) appointed
66. The members of the jury are not paid but they are given _4___while they are on jury service, which is usually for about two weeks.
4) expenses
67. Unless the police __2__ special permission, they are not allowed to detain a person for more than twenty-for hours.
2) obtain
68. Magistrates, who are also known as Justices of the Peace, are not trained __1_____
1) lawyers
69. It is the judge’s job to ___2___ a punishment on those found guilty of crimes.
2) impose
70. If it is someone’s first offence, and the crime is a small one, even a guilty person is often unconditionally _____3___.
3) discharged
71. In Britain magistrates do not get salaries or a fee for their work, though they get paid __5_____.
5) expenses
72. Juries consist of ____1__ people selected at random from the list of voters.
1) twelve
73. A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction ____3___ or to have the sentence reduced.
3) quashed
74. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and defence put their cases (аргументи) and question witnesses, and to decide what ___2___ is admissible (допустимо, прийнятно) and what is not.
2) evidence
75. A conditional _______4_ means that the guilty person is set free but if he or she commits another crime within a stated time, the first crime will be taken into account.
4) discharge
76. In order a ___1__ to be reached, there must be agreement among at least ten jurors.
1) verdict
77. A convicted person may appeal to the Court of Criminal Appeal in London either to have the conviction quashed or to have the sentence ____3___.
3) reduced
78. A guilty person may be set free and put on _____4__, which means that regular meetings with a social worker must take place.
4) probation
79. A very common form of punishment for minor offences is a __1___, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.
1) fine
80. The American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the __1____ of powers between the executive, legislative and judiciary.
1) separation
81. In order for a verdict to be reached, there must be __4____ among at least ten jurors.
4) agreement
82. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the __1___ and defence put their cases and question witnesses, and to decide what evidence is admissible and what is not.
1) prosecution
83. A very common form of punishment for __3___ offences is a fine, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.
3) minor
84. Wherever possible, magistrates and judges try not to ___1_____ people.
1) imprison
85. The only function of _3_____ is to present cases in court.///
3) barristers
86. People who are sent to prison often get _____1_- of their sentence for good behaviour.
1) reduction
87. There is no death penalty in Britain, except for __1_____.
1) treason
88. There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a __2____ and a barrister.
1) attorney
2) solicitor
89. In order to make the arrest legal the police must caution an arrested person: ‘You do not have to say anything unless you wish to do so, but what you say may be given in __3_____.’
3) evidence
90. One way to ___1___ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.
1) estimate
91. There is no death ____1__ in Britain, except for treason.
1) penalty
92. There are two distinct kinds of lawyers in Britain: a solicitor and a __5_____.
5) barrister
93. ___1__ is a sum of money guaranteed by somebody on behalf of a person who has been charged with a crime so that he/she can go free until the time of the trial.
1) bail
94. It is generally accepted that in the last quarter of the twentieth century, the number of crimes has gone up because of a lack of confidence in the ability of the police to __2___ criminals. !!!
2) catch
95. The system of __1___ in England and Wales, in both civil and criminal cases, is and adversarial system.
1) justice
96. For murderers, there is an obligatory life ___4___ in Britain.
4) sentence
97. If the trail is to be heard, the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of a lawyer – a ___1____-.
1) barrister
98. One way to ___2___ the level of crime is to interview people and ask them whether they have been the victims of crime.
2) estimate
99. The duty of the judge during the trial is to act as the referee while the prosecution and ___4___ put their cases and question witnesses.
4) defence
100. The magistrate may decide that it is not necessary to hold the suspect in ___1___. custody
101. Courts contribute to social stability by 3… disputes in the civilized fashion (…).
3) solving
102. A crime is a wrong which 3… against society (…).
3) is
103. A court may sentence an offender to execution, …3 punishment or loss of liberty (…).
3) corporal
104. The evidence is not sufficient (достатня) to bring a …4 against him. (…).
1 4) prosecution 5)
105. He refused to give 1… at the trial (…). +++
1) testimony
106. An independent committee will look into (вивчить) alleged (заявлені) human rights …2 (…).
2) abuses 3)
107. She gave a somewhat (до певної міри, дещо, ) 2… account of the proceedings (…).
) 2) biased 3))
108. They are 3… the law by employing such young children (…).
3) breaking 4
109. When the judge had finished his summing up, he asked the jury to consider their … (2…).
2) verdict 3)
110. It is the duty of every state to … its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for the international crimes (3…).
3) exercise 4)
111. Weapons are bought not only by criminals but by … citizens to protect themselves (3…).
3) law-abiding 4) law-
112. The man they arrested last night has been 3… with murder (…).
3) charged 4
113. In some cases tribunals fail to 2… the law properly (…).
2) apply 3)
114. Under the UK judiciary system, everyone is innocent until proved … (3…).
3) guilty 4
115. He sued the newspaper for … (3…).
1 3) libel 4))
116. We saw …3 break into the house (…).
3) burglar
117. The police suspect that he had a/an … (…2).
2) accomplice 3)
118. The jury 1… him of the charge of murder (…).
1) acquitted (виправдали) 2)
119. The police asked him to make a/an … (…2).
2) statement 3)
120. The magistrate issued (видача документа) a/an 3 … for his arrest (…).
3) warrant 4)
121. The police have appealed for …2 to the accident (…).
2) witnesses 3)
122. He may be prosecuted for 2… secrets about the security agency (…).
1) discovering 2) revealing 3
123. The important constitutional principle that the king or Queen must 3… any legislation passed by Parliament is simply an unwritten tradition that has gradually developed over the last three hundred years (…).
3) approve 4
124. There is a/an …2 in Britain about whether citizens rights would be better guaranteed by a written constitution or at least a bill of rights (…).
2) debate 3)
125. Some people argue that the …2 of an unwritten constitution is a good thing (…).
2) flexibility 3)
126. British Home Secretary … the television licences of people who had bought them early to avoid a price increase (2…).
2) cancelled
127. Thirty police officers were brought to 2… (…).
2) trial 3)
128. The police can 2… a private house without first obtaining a court warrant (…).
2) search
129. They threatened to shoot him and 2… him of all his possessions (…). +++
2) robbed 3
130. The doctrine of 3… is still a central feature of modern common law system (…).
3) precedent 4
131. Many case law systems have …2 of law that have been comprehensively codified (…).
2) areas 3
132. Thousands of people came to pray at the shrine of the former archbishop of Canterbury who was …3 in the Cathedral in 1170 (…).
3) murdered
133. The courts of common law and of 2… existed alongside each other for centuries (…).
2) equity 3
134. One of the reasons for having special constitutional laws is to … governments from becoming too powerful (2…).
2) prevent 3)
135. Nowadays a lawyer can 2… common law and equitable claims in the same court (…).
2) pursue (розглядати, займатись) 3)
136. Differences in the way people are treated can be …3 as evidence of discrimination (…)///
3) interpreted
137. The fifth amendment of the American Constitution, which …2 a witness from answering in court if he states his answer, might reveal his own criminal guilt (…).
2) exempts
138. Charlie’s been …2 from driving for a year (…).
2) banned 3)
139. The state police are …2 the incident (…).
2) investigating
140. He joined with others to start a 2… for prisoners of conscience (…).
2) campaign 3
141. The group does not …2 the use of violence (…).
2) advocate 3)
142. They were in prison because of their political or religious …2 (…).
2) beliefs 3
143. By gathering information, creating publicity and writing letters, Amnesty has helped to speed up the 2… of such prisoners all over the world (…).
2) release 3)
144. Not everyone agrees that merely being born as a human 3… entitles someone to certain freedoms and treatment (…).
3) being 4
145. Many German artists 3… to America at the beginning of World War II (…).
3) fled 4
146. They used torture to 2… information about their families (…).
2) extract 3
147.Magistrates are just ordinary people of good reputation who have been … to the job by a local committee (…).2
2) appointed 3)
148. Governments make laws and the police 3… them (…).
3) enforce 4
149. One of the two accused men was 1… at yesterday’s trial and left the courtroom smiling broadly
1) acquitted 2)
150. Jack was arrested because he had entered the country … (…2).
2) illegally
151. Sally didn’t realize that she had …2. the law (…).
2) broken
152. The president admitted that there had been a breakdown of law and 3… (…).
3) order 4
153. Jim’s parents wouldn’t 3… him go to the demonstration (…).
3) let 4
154. Talking to other students is against the …3 of the examination (…).
3) rules 4
155. I had to take the company to 1… to get the money they owed me (…).
1) court 2)
156.The import of these products is 2… by law (…).
2) prohibited 3)
157. Charles could not deny having been at the 3… of the crime (…).
3) scene
158. The child was kidnapped by a notorious …2 of robbers (…).
2) gang 3
159. He is …3 of murder (…).
3) accused 4)
160. She studied law and was called to the 3… (…).
3) Bar 4)
161. He was arrested and then released on 2… by magistrates (…).
2) bail 3)
162. The witness was visibly nervous before giving his … (2…). ///
2) testimony
163. Under 2… he admitted being a drug user (…).
2) cross-examination
164. The amount of 3… awarded (компенсованих) to the plaintiff (позивачу) will be decided by the judge, not the jury (…).
3) damages \
165. A …4 can advise on how you should act in this situation (…).
4) solicitor
166. Common law has been 3… by many Commonwealth countries and the USA (…).
3) adopted
167. It is not necessary for a …2 to know anything about the law (…).
2) juror 3
168. All …2 against police officers are carefully investigated (…).
2) complaints 3)
169. The police who were investigating the crime could find no 2… at all (…). !!!
Clues
170. Nineteenth century Europe saw the …2 of several multi-ethnic empires (…). ///
2) decline
171. It is not the job of the police to 3… justice (…).
3) administer 4)
172. The company accused him of …2 his contract (…).
2) breaching 3)
173. The witness must have given …3 evidence at a trail (…).
3) false 4
174. Punishment may be 2… only on a person found guilty of committing a crime (…).
2) imposed 3) \
\
175. She stole jewellery from the department store and was charged with 2… (…).
2) shoplifting
176. He broke into the house and was charged with 4… (…).
4) burglary
177. Many of the President’s decisions and all new legislation must be approved in the Congress, which is 3… by the people
3) elected
178. The President is 3… to appoint judges to the court (…).
3) empowered 4)
179. The driver admitted that the accident was his own 2… (…).
2) fault 3)
180. The …2 Secretary is responsible for the prevention of crime offences, trial and treatment of offenders and for the prison service (…).
2) Home 3)
181. In a civil case, the party who take legal action against the defendant is called … (3…).
1 3) plaintiff 4
182. The BBC received a stream of …3 about the programme (…).
3) complaints 4)
183. He issued a 3 … against a newspaper (…). (видати ордер на арешт) ///
13) writ
184. The Norman Kings sent travelling …3 around the country and gradually a “common law” developed (…).
3) judges 4
185. A case is usually presented by the … (2…). ///
2) prosecutor 3
186. They are hoping for a …3 in their favour from the European Court of Justice (…).
Judgment
187. In some countries such as France, the judges and jurors decide the …1 together (…).
1) case 2)
188. The court ruled that the child’s parents must share the 2… for the accident (…).
2) blame 3)
189. A man is being held in police …3 in connection with the murder (…).
1 3) custody 4)
190. The new law on drink – driving comes into …2 next month (…).
2) force
191. After considering the case, the judge put the young offender 2… (…).
2) on probation 3
192. The …2 wanted to show that the legal rights of their citizens originated in the state, not in local customs (…).
2) lawmakers 3)
193. They have imprisoned a/an …2 man (…).
2) innocent 3)
194. Having arrested someone suspected of committing a crime, the police decide if they have enough evidence to make a formal 2…
2) accusation 3
195. Some minor cases as parking violations, are dealt with only by the 3… (…).
3) magistrates 4)
196. The rules of procedure and 2… determines the court that may deal with a claim or dispute, the form of the trial, and so on
2) jurisdiction 3
197. Each court normally hears cases in 2… of three judges, but on occasion, a full court of nine judges will sit (…).
2) panel 3
198. Most countries have a formal written Constitution describing how laws are to be made and …2 (…).
2) enforced 3)
199. Juror must be men and women possessed of sound 2…, absolute honest, and a complete sense of fairness (…).
2) judgment 3
200. We are determined that the terrorist will not escape … 2(…).
2) punishment 3)
Розділ 6 Choose the right preposition or article according to the contents of the sentences.(
№ 849
The judge sentenced the accused to 15 years … prison. in
№ 850
The police said he was responsible … the crime committed. for
№ 851
I don‟t think you have done anything … the law. against
№ 852
I hope the police will try to find … what happened to the victim. out
№ 853
In the trial, the jury decided he was guilty … the crime.of
№ 854
Juveniles are dealt … in special Magistrates Courts known as Juvenile Courts. with
№ 855
A deserter is a soldier who runs … from the army. away
№ 856
A kidnapper is a person who takes away people … force, demanding money for their return. by
№ 857
He has been in trouble … the police once before, but it was only a minor offence. with
№ 858
In order to reach their decision, the jury must listen carefully … the evidence. to
№ 859
If the accused is convicted … murder, the sentence may be at least ten years in prison. of
№ 860
The policeman asked the suspect to make … statement. a
№ 861
Do you agree … capital punishment for some crimes such as murder? to
№ 862
A law-breaker is anyone who breaks … law. a
№ 863
This person betrays his or her country … another state. to
№ 864
… the end of the trial, she had been found guilty. at
№ 865
The judge told John that he was … hardened criminal. a
№ 866
Peace and international cooperation have become … most important need of all peoples and nations. the
№ 867
Punishment may be imposed only … a person found guilty of committing a crime. on
№ 868
The law prescribes criminal responsibility … military crimes. for
№ 869
Courts are bound … the decisions of previous courts unless it can be shown that the facts differ from
previous cases. by
№ 870
An assassin murders … political reasons or reward. for
№ 871
A terrorist uses violence … political reasons. for
№ 872
A stowaway is a person who hides … a ship or plane to get a free journey. on
№ 873
A robber is a person who steals money by force … people. from
№ 874
A hooligan is a person who deliberately causes damages … property. to
№ 875
Timothy was arrested for … murder of his wife. the
№ 876
The Crown Courts deal exclusively … criminal matters. with
№ 877
Versions of Roman law had long influenced many parts of Europe, but had little impact … English
law. on
№ 878
In contrast … civil-law legal systems, which are based on codes, common-law legal systems are based
on judicial precedents. with|to
№ 879
A person who feels his case was not fairly treated in a lower court can appeal … a higher court for
reassessment. to
№ 880
If it is his first offence, he might be given a fine instead, for example £1,000, or put … probation. on
№ 881
The child was kidnapped … a notorious gang of robbers. by
№ 882
The intruder was badly damaged … the guard dog in the palace garden. by
№ 883
Do you think people should be allowed to use a knife for … self- defence?-
№ 884
He had been accused … the theft of the vase. of
№ 885
The burglary happened during the night while he was … . out
№ 886
If you break the law, you will be … trouble. in
№ 887
The police who were investigating the crime could find no clues … all. at
№ 888
It is the responsibility of the police to enforce the law, not to take it … their own hands. into
№ 889
The police questioned them at … police station. the
№ 890
In awarding sentences the court takes … consideration the gravity of the offence. into
№ 891
The President is elected by the people and he attempts to carry … his policy promises through the
presidential office of advisers. out
№ 892
… the new Constitution, the court system will be modified, but only time will tell whether the
judiciary will emerge as a true third branch of government. under
№ 893
According … the Constitution, the State ensures the protection of all forms of property rights and its
management. to
№ 894
The customs officers detained Bob and charged him … smuggling. with
№ 895
The police spent the whole day searching the house … evidence. for
№ 896
When someone is guilty, the judge may give that person … prison sentence. a
№ 897
Because of his past … criminal record, Brian was the main suspect. -
№ 898
The murderer of … children was sentenced to life imprisonment. the
№ 899
The policemen following the robbers were in … plain clothes. -
№ 900
As there was no evidence, the judge dismissed … case. the
№ 901
The chief of the police said that he saw no connection … the two murders. between
№ 902
They stole … money and credit cards. the
№ 903
Adam took … money from her bag and was charged with pickpocketing. the
№ 904
Jean left her car in a no-parking area and had to pay … fine. a
№ 905
Pauline decided to sue … police because she had been wrongly accused. the
№ 906
I decided to buy … burglar alarm after someone had broken into my house. a
№ 907
You have to keep … the speed limit when you are driving in the city. to
№ 908
Small crimes like … illegal parking are called minor offences. -
№ 909
The hijackers are still holding twelve people hostage … the plane. On
№ 910
He deserves … severe punishment. -
№ 911
In spite … civil wars in the 15th and 17th centuries and enormous social changes associated with
industrialisation, England and Wales have retained many laws and legal principles that originated eight centuries ago. of
№ 912
Some areas in the USA have areas … law that have been comprehensively codified. of
№ 913
As a check upon overpowerful government most modern constitutions have adopted … principle of
separation of powers, developed in the 18th century by the French political philosopher Montesquieu. the
№ 914
In case of a serious disagreement … the Cabinet and the House of Commons, steps must immediately
be taken to restore harmony between the executive and the legislative branches, either by a resignation of the government or by a dissolution of the Parliament.between
№ 915
I am very interested in cases committed … this hardened offender. by
№ 916
… Court of Appeals considers cases sent up to it by the lower courts. the
The Supreme Court cannot alter … Constitution. the
№ 918
… County Courts deal exclusively with civil matters. the
№ 919
The judge had to pass a sentence … the murderer yesterday. on
№ 920
The appellant arrived … later than the jury had expected.
№ 921
It is necessary to make laws that should be … better and comprehensive.
№ 922
… lowest criminal court, a Magistrates Court is empowered to hear certain cases. the
№ 923
The Constitution of GB can be said not to be in one document that‟s why it is often said to be …
unwritten one. an
№ 924
Professional judges are known not to belong … any political party. to
№ 925
He is likely to tell us about … judicial system of GB. the
№ 926
The House of Commons is known to be made … of 651 elected members (MPs). up
№ 927
They turn … to be finally punished in accordance with the law. out
№ 928
She is known to participate … the trial as a public prosecutor. in
№ 929
We heard the detective begin the investigation … this criminal case.of
№ 930
The judge made … jury bring a verdict immediately. the
№ 931
It is necessary to know that the spread of common law is due … the influence of Britain and the USA. to
№ 932
The Constitution of the United Kingdom is not even … writing, and the country is often said to have
an unwritten constitution.
№ 933
The Constitution can be changed … any time by an act of Parliament. at
№ 934
The throne passes … a king or a queen to his / her eldest son or daughter. from
№ 935
The Lord Chancellor and the Speaker normally announce to Parliament that the monarch has given the royal assent … a bill. to
№ 936
Four groups of people are entitled … sit in the House of Lords. to
№ 937
The monarch formally appoints all bishops and also creates peers … the advice of the Prime Minister. on
№ 938
Not long ago, the Lord Chancellor presided … the House of Lords both when it sat as a legislative
body and when it sat as a law court. over
№ 939
The Queen, Lords and Commons all have to agree … any new law which is passed. to
№ 940
The United States government shares governmental powers … the states under the federal system
established by the United States Constitution. among
№ 941
Government in the United States operates … three levels: national, state and local.on
Elected by the people to hold office for … four-year term, the President can be elected no more than two terms. a
№ 943
The American Constitution is the world‟s oldest written constitution … force.in
№ 944
The Articles of Confederation devised a loose association among the states, and set … a federal
government with very limited powers.up
№ 945
It was … these circumstances that the Constitution of the United States was drawn up. under
№ 946
Amendments … the Constitution cover a wide range of subjects. to
№ 947
Every person who remains within the territory of Ukraine … a legal basis is guaranteed freedom of
movement and free choice of place of residence. on
№ 948
All people are free and equal … their dignity and rights. in
№ 949
There are no privileges or restrictions based … race, colour of skin, political, religious and other
beliefs. on
№ 950
The victims have started a lawsuit to get compensation … their injuries. for
№ 951
Mr. Nelson instituted legal proceedings … his neighbour. against
№ 952
No country has a right to interfere … the internal affairs of the other states.&
№ 953
The American people were proud of the decision to put … end to slavery in their country. on
№ 954
What freedoms were provided … by the Bill of Rights? for
№ 955
The accused asserted that he had had … mind to commit a crime. a
№ 956
He has taken the drugs from … certain Mr. Barton. a
№ 957
Mrs. Duke was informed to have been appointed Rector of Saint Andrew‟s University for … seven
year term. a
№ 958
All the Supreme Court justices are nominated … life by the President. for
№ 959
… the base of the pyramid are trial courts, composed of a single judge and a jury selected from local
citizens. in
№ 960
The term “Common Law” has been used … the 12th century, and it describes the main body of
English unwritten law. since
№ 961
These judges are free to depart … the precedent and set a new precedent as it is accepted and used by
other judges. from
№ 962
The civil law covers cases related … family, property, contracts and non-contractual wrongful acts
suffered by one person at the hands of another. to
№ 963
Literature, computer programs, artistic works can not be patented, but they can be protected …
copyright. by
№ 964
In recent years it has been difficult for intellectual property law to prevent new original works …
copying and to keep pace with technological change. from
№ 965
In Europe … criminal law of modern times has emerged from various codifications: the most
important were the two Napoleonic codes of 1808 and 1810. the
№ 966
What is the European Central Bank in charge … ? of
№ 967
Is the European Investment Bank able to lend money … favourable terms? on
№ 968
My uncle asked Mr. Winters, … well-known barrister, to plead his case in court. A
№ 969
… the late 1970s there has been a trend toward punishment rather than rehabilitation of offenders in
the USA. in
№ 970
A lawyer should act in strict conformity … the Constitution. with
№ 971
The decision of the Community is binding … the addressee. over
№ 972
Human rights are rights held simply by virtue … being a human person. of
№ 973
The European Convention … Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was created under the
auspices of the Council of Europe. on
№ 974
There are … number of Protocols to the ECHR, not all of which the parties have yet agreed to be
bound by. A
№ 975
This decision was made … Art 12 of the ECHR. Under\by
№ 976
What is the party entitled … , if the other fails to keep the promise? to
№ 977
This contract comes … existence as soon as a job offer, oral or written, is accepted. into
№ 978
The notary is … public official who by state delegation attributes public certification to the documents
( contracts, deeds etc. ). a
№ 979
In Roman law the notarius was originally a slave or freedman who took notes … judicial proceedings. of
№ 980
The civil – law notary may be roughly described as a lawyer who specializes in the law relating … real
estate, sales, mortgages, but who is not allowed to appear in court. to
№ 981
The notary is a legal practitioner who draws … legal documents, attests deeds etc. up
№ 982
Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose … his or her property, and the results of his or her
intellectual and creative activity. of
№ 983
In the United States the term advocate has no special significance, being used interchangeably … such
terms as attorney, counsel, or lawyer. for
№ 984
In Ukraine the advocates act to ensure the right to a defense … accusation and to provide legal
assistance in deciding cases in courts and other state bodies. against
№ 985
The Bar is an advocacy profession and the Bar‟s right … audience in the higher court remains
unchanged. of
№ 986
International law stems … three main sources : treaties and international conventions, customs and
customary usage, and the generally accepted principles of law and equity. from
№ 987
International law regulates intercourse … nations in peacetime and provides methods for the
settlement of disputes by means other than war. among
№ 988
The Romans developed the idea of treatment aliens subject … Roman rule. to
№ 989
It is rather difficult to distinguish “generally accepted principles of law and justice” … customs. with
№ 990
The judgment is final and … appeal. without
№ 991
Courts contribute to social stability … resolving disputes in a civilized fashion. by
№ 992
… the end of last week they had resolved the dispute at last. at
№ 993
Substantive law determines … wide variety of matters – for example, what is required to form a
contract, what the difference is between larceny and robbery etc. a
№ 994
The President of Ukraine may be removed from the office by the Supreme Rada … the procedure of
impeachment, if he commits treason or other crime. under
№ 995
… the Traffic Law it is illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol. under
№ 996
Ukraine has become … full member of the United Nations since 1945. a
№ 997
48. The Prime Minister of Ukraine is appointed by the President of Ukraine … the consent of more
than one-half of the constitutional composition of the Supreme Rada of Ukraine. by
№ 998
49. Mr. Black was reported to have escaped from … prison.
№ 999
The parents used to repeat the phrase, “That was a murder … negligence, yes, yes …negligence. Our
son is a well – mannered human”. by
№ 1000
It is very important that … law and … order should be maintained when the country is at war.
№ 1001
Combating … crime is considered one of the primary tasks of the Police Forces.
№ 1002
Mr. Glue, a sixty – four year old American, was happy to have been on … jury service for so many
times. a
№ 1003
If you are selected a juryman, you should perform your jury service in … good faith.
№ 1004
When a Bill has passed … all its parliamentary stages, it is sent to the Queen. through
№ 1005
The judge makes decisions based on … evidence presented. the
№ 1006
57. The day-to-day work of dealing summarily with minor local criminal cases is carried out in
magistrates courts, presided … by a full – time, legally qualified resident magistrate. over
№ 1007
… summary procedure, the sheriff may impose prison sentences of up to three months, or a fine of 5,
000 pounds. under
№ 1008
Some people, such as police officers, lawyers and doctors, are exempt … jury service. from
№ 1009
In UK, anyone who is arrested or held … custody, or who appears before a court, can get free advice
and assistance. in
№ 1010
When you arrive … court, find out exactly where the hearing will be held and let the clerk know you
will be attending the hearing. at
№ 1011
The task of the jury is to consider the evidence and then reach … verdict of “guilty” or “not guilty”. the
№ 1012
Police officers may be requested to assist if a contempt … court situation occurs. of
№ 1013
If you have been a victim of a crime, you will normally be asked to give the police … statement. a
№ 1014
The law students were asked to write an assay “Peculiarities of Punishment of Minors” pursuant …
Ukrainian Criminal Law. to
№ 1015
What kinds of relief from criminal liability are provided … by the Criminal Code of Ukraine?for
№ 1016
Highwaymen are thought … as holding a pistol and saying “Stand and deliver!” to
№ 1017
The pillaging and robbing of valuable artistic works has been a problem … ancient times. since
№ 1018
Extortion in English Criminal law is the obtaining of a benefit … physical force. by
№ 1019
In America the organization “Mothers Against Drunk Driving” has done much to bring people‟s
attention … the problem and encourage state and federal government to make stronger laws against it.to
№ 1020
Jails hold people accused of crimes or people convicted … the least serious crimes. of
№ 1021
Children shall be equal in their rights regardless … their origin, as well as whether they are legitimate
or illegitimate. of
№ 1022
The state protects the rights of the consumers and performs oversight … the quality and safety of
products and all the services. of
№ 1023
Every person is required to obey the Constitution of Ukraine and laws of Ukraine, not to encroach …
rights and freedoms, honour and dignity of other people. upon
№ 1024
Crimes that can result … a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. in
№ 1025
Too often the crime of domestic violence is hidden … . away
№ 1026
Everybody sees the need … fight against terrorism and its financing in the world. For\of
№ 1027
The major causes of delinquency in various countries are related … each nation‟s economic and social
environment. to
№ 1028
For Great Britain, Magna Carta is … statute Number One.)
№ 1029
The Bill prohibited the monarch … levying the taxes or customs duties without Parliament consent. from
№ 1030
Protection … arbitrary imprisonment by the Writ of habeas corpus is not found in continental Europe.from
№ 1031
Interpreters, under oath, provide language interpretation for the court on … behalf of a non-English
speaking party or witness.
№ 1032
The origin of the British police lies … early tribal history and is based on customs for securing order
through the medium of appointed representatives. in
№ 1033
Ignorance of the law shall not exempt … legal liability. from
№ 1034
The establishment and activity of political parties and public associations are prohibited if their
programme, goals or actions are aimed … the liquidation of the independence of Ukraine. at
№ 1035
Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose … his or her property, and the results of his or her
intellectual and creative activity. of
№ 1036
Citizens who belong to national minorities are guaranteed in accordance … the law the right to receive instruction in their native language. with
№ 1037
The state ensures the preservation of historical monuments and takes measures to return to Ukraine the cultural treasures of the nation, that are located … its borders. Beyong\withing
№ 1038
The Government of Ukraine … the limits of its competence issues resolutions and orders which are
obligatory for execution. withing
№ 1039
Draft laws … introducing amendments to the Constitution are also the object of direct constitutional
control.
№ 1040
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine may establish … availability of gaps in a legal regulation. the
№ 1041
This law is considered to have been in … effect since 2007.
№ 1042
To be at … large or in prison meant nothing to these kids without a parental care.
№ 1043
New Zealand is … sovereign, independent state and member of the Commonwealth. a
№ 1044
In New Zealand the executive power is vested … a Governor-General, representing the Crown, and a
Cabinet and Prime Minister. in
№ 1045
I am no judge of people, but I feel he was not right to abstain … voting. from
№ 1046
What concept do you associate … the term “civil society” ? with
№ 1047
The Bush administration declared a war on terrorism, with the stated goals of bringing Osama bin
Laden and al-Qaeda … justice and preventing the emergence of other terrorist networks. to
№ 1048
Americans provide a lot of financial support to people in need … charities or government programmes, they expect that help to be short-lived. through
№ 1049
Article 46 of the Convention imposes … states the obligation to execute all final judgements in any